The Vatican's museums are outstanding and include the Gregorian Museum of Egyptian Art; the Gregorian Museum of Etruscan Art; the Pio Clementno Museum, with a superlative collection of antiquities; the Chiaramonti Museum; and the Vatican Pinacotheca, with representative works by Italian masters. The Vatican Library has a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts and more than 1 million bound volumes. Also within the Vatican's walls are the Government Palace and the Vatican Gardens. * Gregorian museum：“格利高里博物馆”，“Gregory”是教皇的名字。Vatican的博物馆都很突出，其中包括格利高里埃及艺术博物馆、格利高里伊特鲁里亚艺术(Etruscan Art)博物馆等。
* superlative：“最高的”、“最好的”等意思。
* antiquity：“古迹”、“古物”的意思。在Vatican的博物馆里，收藏有最好的古物。
* Vatican Pinacotheca：“梵蒂冈美术馆”，Pinacotheca就是“画廊、美术馆”的意思。
Vatican City is governed by the Pope, who has absolute executive, legislative, and judicial powers. The executive powers are delegated to a governor, who is responsible directly to the Pope. In the exercise of his legislative powers, the Pope is advised and assisted by the Sacred College of Cardinals and by the various Sacred Congregations. The judicial powers are exercised by tribunals; appeals from their decisions are heard by the sacred Roman Rota and by the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature.
* Pope：“教皇、主教”。Vatican City由教皇统治，完全掌握着行政权、立法权、和司法权。
* delegate：“委派”、“授权”的意思。政府由教皇授权行使行政权，并直接对教皇负责。
* sacred College of Cardinals：“红衣主教神学院”。教皇在行使立法权时，由红衣主教神学院和Sacred Congregations（圣会）协助并提出建议。
The Secretariat of State represents the Holy See in diplomatic relations with foreign powers. Swiss Guards maintain internal security and protection of the Pope; the Piazza San Pietro is subject to the authority of the Italian police. Castel Gandolfo, the papal summer palace outside Rome, as well as other buildings located in Rome but outside of Vatican City are endowed with extraterritoriality.
* Secretariat of State：“秘书长”。
* Holy See：“圣座”的意思，这里指代教皇。教廷的秘书长可以代表教皇进行外交活动。
* Castel Gandolfo：教皇的夏季宫殿。
* endow：“资助”、“捐赠”和“给予”的意思。
* extraterritoriality：“非管辖区、治外法权”。
Vatican City has its own currency (equal to the Italian lira) and postal system. It also has a railroad station and radio station, and manages its own telephone and telegraph services. Annual expenditures in the late 1980s were $121.9 million. A daily newspaper and an official monthly journal are published, as are books and pamphlets in numerous languages. * annual：“每年的，每年一次的”，指植物时是“一年生植物”。Vatican City不但有自己的货币和邮政体系，还有一个火车站和电台，经营着自己的电话和电报服务机构。80年代后期年均在这些项目上的花费有1.2亿多美元。
* pamphlet：“小册子”、“时事活页文选”等。它的近义词是brochure“手册、小册子”，一般印刷精美，带插图；而pamphlet一般印刷简单，而且比较薄。
