解题原则分析：
名词主体论，动作决定论：文章以及段落都是由主题句和细节句构成的。主题句表明段落或篇章的中心，细节句是为主题句而服务的。即，主题句指明段落及文章的方向，细节句则是支撑主题的具体事例，引语，统计，比喻或者实验。同时，无论主题句还是细节句均由单词组成：名词表达主体，动词确定趋势，形容词和副词表示性质。因此，把握文章每一个段落的中心思想无须透彻理解整个段落，段落中的名词即可指明方向，确定主题，即，名词主体论。主体名词对应的动作体现主语内容和趋向，因此，准确体现主题句动作的段落即为该主题句所对应的段落，即，动作决定论。
解题步骤分析：
1、主题句的分析、提炼
利用名词主体论分析提炼供选择主题句的主体名词，同时提炼对应的动作！
主体名词---对应动作
What to do as a student? Student-----do something
Various definitions of plagiarism plagiarism-----definition
Ideas should always be sourced idea-----be sourced
Ignorance can be forgiven ignorance-----be forgiven
Plagiarism is equivalent to theft plagiarism-----theft
The consequences of plagiarism plagiarism-----consequence
2、段落主体及动作的把握
利用选定段落中前两句的主语名词确定内容方向，同时提炼对应的动作。有时，动作体现在段落尾句中！
3、主题句与段落对应选择
段落的主体名词与供选主题句的主体名词进行对应，缩小选项范围；段落的动作与范围内的动作进行对应，准确选择答案！
41题对应段落主体及动作来源于段落前两句：The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university.
主体名词为：plagiarism
对应动作为：failure in a particular course “不及格，挂科”, expulsion from university “开除”
对应选项为：F
42题对应段落主体及动作来源于段落前两句：Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars’ ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequences may occur.
主体名词为：students
对应动作为：avoid various kind of plagiarism “避免各种剽窃”，being self-critical “自我批评”
对应选项为：A
43题对应段落主体来源于段落前两句,动作来源于段落尾句：Plagiarism by accident, or oversight，sometimes is the result of the writer’s inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. …… Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished.
主体名词为：plagiarism
对应动作为：be guarded against “小心提防”，exempt from being severely punished“未被严厉惩罚”
对应选项为：D
44题对应段落主体及动作来源于段落前两句：Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation-note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography -- are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references.
主体名词为：plagiarism
对应动作为：do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources “不知道信息来源”， documentation-note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing “笔记，引用，脚注，列举”
对应选项为：C
