真题文章
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.
They do not provide energy, nor do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for transforming foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if any is missing a deficiency disease becomes apparent.
Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements-usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.
Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people, nevertheless, believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well- balanced diet will usually meet all the body' s vitamin needs.
译文
维生素是有机化合物，饮食中少量的维生素是维持动物（包括人类）生存和生长必不可少的部分。
它们不提供能量，也不构成身体的任何一部分，它们的任务是把食物转变成能量和维持身体健康。至少有13种维生素，若缺少其中一种，缺乏症疾病便明显可见。
各种维生素都很相似，因为它们由同样的元素构成，一般包括碳、氢、氧，有时还有氮。各种维生素的不同之处在于，各种维生素的元素排列不同，同时每种维生素在人体内都有一种或多种特别的作用。
吸取足够的维生素对生命是必要的，但过量的维生素对人体并无滋养的用处。尽管如此，许多人出于保险的想法，还是摄入过量的维生素。不过均衡的饮食一般能够完全满足身体对维生素的全部需求。
考研核心词汇
vitamin n. 维他命, 维生素
[例] primary vitamin 维生素原
[派生] vitaminic adj. 维他命的
organic adj. 器官的, 有机的, 组织的, 建制的
[例] an organic part 一个有机的组成部分
[派生] organism n. 生物体, 有机体
compound n. 混合物, [化]化合物 adj. 复合的 v. 混合, 配合
[例] If you take this action, it will only compound your problems.
如果你这么做，只能徒然增加你的困难。
[同义] complex, mixture, blend
[派生] compounding n. 组合, 混合
maintenance n. 维护, 保持, 生活费用, 扶养
[例] He took a course to learn about car maintenance.
他学习了汽车保养的课程。
[反义] abandonment n. 放弃
[派生] maintain vt. 维持, 维修, 继续, 供养, 主张
deficiency n. 缺乏, 不足
[例] a nutritional deficiency 营养缺乏
[同义] shortage, insufficiency, lack, inadequacy weakness
[反义] sufficiency n.充足；自满；足量
[派生] deficient adj. 缺乏的, 不足的, 不完善的
[固定搭配] make up for a deficiency 补足亏空
apparent adj. 显然的, 外观上的
[例] It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.
很明显，他一点儿也不知道怎样修理小汽车。
[同义] clear, evident, obvious, plain, seeming
[反义] hidden v. hide的过去分词 adj. 隐藏的
[派生] apparently adv. 显然地
arrange v. 安排, 排列, 协商
[例] In a dictionary the words are arranged in alphabetical order.
词典里的词是按字母顺序编排的。
[同义] adapt, catalog, classify, fit, organize, settle
[反义] derange vt. 使错乱, 扰乱, 使精神错乱, 使发狂
disturb vt. 弄乱, 打乱, 打扰, 扰乱 v. 扰乱
[派生] arrangement n. 排列, 安排
[固定搭配] arrange for 安排, 准备；arrange with sb. about sth.与某人商定某事；
essential adj. 本质的, 实质的, 基本的, 提炼的, 精华
n. 本质, 实质, 要素, 要点
[例] What is the essential difference between these two economic systems?
这两种经济体制的本质区别是什么?
[同义] basic, fundamental, important, necessary, needed, required
[派生] essentiality n. 本性, 真髓, 本质, 重要性
[固定搭配] essential guidelines 主要方针；必要指标
excess n. 过度, 剩于, 无节制, 超过, 超额
adj. 过度的, 额外的
[例] You have to pay for excess luggage on a plane.
在飞机上你得付超重的行李费。
[同义] additional, extra, surplus
[反义] deficiency n. 缺乏, 不足
[派生] excessive adj. 过多的, 过分的, 额外
[固定搭配] in excess of 超过；to an excess 过量；超过
强化练习
1. The results showed that tobacco yields could increase with the increase of _________ fertilizer.
A. organic B. corrupt C. poisonous D. civil
2. We speculate that it is not caffeine but perhaps some other ______ contained in soda-type soft drinks that may be responsible for the increased risk in hypertension," said the study, which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
A. contemporary B. counterpart C. compound D. content
3. The Government is planning to assign 40 per cent of road_______ works to the private sector contractors in the short term and increase the level to 100 per cent in 10 years.
A. schedule B. maintenance C. scrape D. scrutiny
4. It became ________ that our stay in the U.S. would be a long one and I immediately began thinking on how best to pursue my interest in economics.
A. secure B. shallow C. apparent D. apparatus
5. Now any hotel or travel agency can book your tickets and ________ transportation to the station.
A. supervise B. interfere C. resent D. arrange
参考答案:ACBCD
