真题文章
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man. But they insisted that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the bulk of the English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.
This view, however, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
考研核心词汇
industrialization n. 工业化, 产业化
[例] bring about industrialization 实现工业化
[派生] industrialize vt. 使工业化 vi. 工业化
average n. 平均, 平均水平, 平均数, 海损
adj. 一般的, 通常的, 平均的 vt. 平均为, 均分, 使平衡, 达到平均水平vi. 买进, 卖出
[例] What is the average rainfall for August in your country?
你们国家八月份的平均降雨量是多少?
[同义] fair, medium, middle, ordinary, passable, usual
[反义] maximum n. 最大量, 最大限度, 极大
adj. 最高的, 最多的, 最大极限的,
minimum adj. 最小的, 最低的 n. 最小值, 最小化
[派生] averagely adv. 平均地, 一般地
[固定搭配] law of averages 平均律； on (an) average 通常；按平均；
widespread adj. 分布广泛的, 普遍的
[例] a widespread disease 一种流行病
[派生] widespreader 撒布装置
misery n. 痛苦, 苦恼, 悲惨, 不幸, 穷困
[例] Misery loves company. 同病相怜。
[同义] distress
[反义] happiness n. 幸福, 快乐
[派生] miserable adj. 痛苦的, 悲惨的, 可怜
preceding adj. 在前的, 前述的
[例] the preceding night 前一晚
[同义] previous, prior ,former
[派生] precede v. 领先(于), 在...之前, 先于
abundance n. 丰富, 充裕, 丰富充裕
[例] The tree yields an abundance of fruit. 这树结果甚多。
[同义] plenty , profusion
[反义] lack n. 缺乏, 短缺的东西 vt. 缺乏, 没有, 需要 vi. 缺乏, 没有
[派生] abundant adj. 丰富的, 充裕的, 丰富, 盛产, 富于
specialist n. 专门医师, 专家
[例] a specialist in oncology 一个肿瘤科医生
[同义] expert
[派生] special n. 特派员, 专车, 专刊adj. 特别的, 特殊的, 专门的,
populace n. 平民
[例] majority of the populace 绝大多数平民百姓
强化练习
1. The _______ age at first marriage in the USA has been inching upward; it's now 26 for women and 27 for men.
A. first B. average C. fundamental D. essence
2. Kung Fu features abundant varieties and delicate skills and has become __________physical exercises.
A. valuable B. priceless C. widespread D. worthless
3. Of the January sun; and not to think of any_________ in the sound of the wind, in the sound of a few leaves.
A. prick B. prestige C. pressure D. misery
4. Rice may reign supreme in Vietnamese cuisine (烹饪), but fish and seafood are not far behind in significance or __________.
A. abundance B. pretext C. pride D. pack
5. _________economic considerations are what the Chinese President termed "three evil forces" - terrorism, extremism and separatism - which prompted the idea of a regional mechanism.
A. Lessening B. Legal C. Preceding D. Dizzy
答案： BCDAC
