真题文章(2002年完型)

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened between . As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in perspective . It is important to do so.

     It is generally recognized, however , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal" too, as well as institutional , with display becoming sharper and storage capability increasing. They were thought of, like people, in terms of generations, with the distance between generations much smaller.

     It was within the computer age that the term “information society" began to be widely used to describe the context within which we now live. The communications revolution has influenced both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been controversial view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed against “harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult .

考研核心词汇

diffusion  / di5fju:VEn /  n. 扩散, 传播, 漫射

[例] diffusion of light   光线的漫射

[派生] diffuse  / di5fju:z /  v. 散播, 传播, 漫射, 扩散, (使)慢慢混合

adj. 散开的, 弥漫的

      diffusive / di5fju:siv / adj. 散布性的, 扩及的, 普及的

dominant  / 5dCminEnt / adj.  有统治权的, 占优势的, 支配的

adj.  [生物] 显性的

[例] The right hand is dominant in most people.  大多数人右手比左手有力。

[反义] recessive / ri5sesiv /  adj. 退行的, 逆行的, [遗]隐性的  n.  隐性性状

[派生] dominance  / 5dRmInEns /  n.  优势, 统治

dominate  / 5dCmineit / v.  支配, 占优势

pamphlet  / 5pAmflit /  n.  小册子

[例] a single-article pamphlet   单行本

[同义] booklet ,brochure, folder ,leaflet

[派生] pamphleteer  / 7pAmfli5tiE /  n.  小册子作者   vi.  写小册子

periodical  / 7piEri5CdikEl /  adj. 周期的, 定期的  n.  期刊, 杂志

[例] a weekly periodical    周[月]刊

[同义] gazette , journal , magazine

[派生] periodically  / 9pIErI`CdIkLlI /  adv.  周期性地, 定时性地

motion  / 5mEuFEn / n.  运动, 动作 v.  运动

[例] She motioned to the waiter.   他向侍者打了个手势。

[同义] activity, doings, legislation, movement ,proposal ,proposition

[反义] inaction  / in5AkFEn /  n. 无行动, 不活动, 无为, 怠惰, 迟钝

[派生] motionless / 5mEJF(E)nlIs / adj. 不动的, 静止的

[固定搭配] go through the motions做…姿态机械地做某事，显示出缺乏兴趣或投入；

recognize  / 5rekE^naiz /  vt.  认可, 承认, 公认, 赏识 vi. 具结

[例] I don't recognize this word -- what does it mean?

我不认识这个单词，它的意思是什么？

[同义] accept, acknowledge, admit, allow, appreciate, behold, know, realize

[派生] recognizable  / 5rekE^naizEbl /  adj. 可认识的, 可辨认的, 可公认的, 可认知的

institutional  / 7insti5tju:FEnEl /  adj. 制度上的

[例] institutional religion     组成机构的宗教

[派生] institution  / 7insti5tju:FEn /  n.  公共机构, 协会, 制度

leisure / 5leVE; 5li:VE /  n. 空闲, 闲暇, 悠闲, 安逸

[例] What do you do in your leisure time?   你空闲时间做些什么？

[同义] freedom , business

[派生] leisureful  / `leVEfJl/  adj.  (=leisurely)不匆忙的, 从容不迫的

implication  / 7impli5keiFEn /  n.  牵连, 含意, 暗示

[例] "He smiled, but the implication was that he didn't believe me."

"他微微一笑,但这一笑暗示着他不相信我的话。"

[派生] implicative  / im5plikEtiv; 5implikeitiv /  adj. 含蓄的, 连带的

implicate / 5implikeit / vt.  使牵连其中, 含意, 暗示  n. 包含的东西

generalization  / 7dVenErElai5zeiFEn /  n.  一般化, 普遍化, 概括, 广义性

[例] make a hasty generalization    匆忙下结论

[派生] generalize  / 5dVenErElaiz /  vt.  归纳, 概括, 推广, 普及