第六天:抓住基础 词句为先---核心词组篇之一

剑桥行者李传伟 /2008-01-04

基础·技巧·冲刺---李传伟2008考研英语冲刺30

 

李传伟

 

第六天:抓住基础 词句为先---核心词组篇之一

      

    在复习考研英语的时候,许多同学只注意记单词,很少花时间熟悉词组。这是复习的一个误区,也是学习的一个误区。后果之一是句子里的词都认识,但是无法理解其意思,或者自以为明白了,其实理解的意思是错的。套用英语里的一句话,叫做“不熟悉词组所造成的危害再怎么说也不为过”。下面以2005年考研英语阅读部分第一篇文章首段为例:

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

    文中的黑体(系本文作者所加)代表的是同一个词组:all too(非常,太)。如果不认识这个词组,对原文的理解就会打折扣,而对于文章后面的问题(正确答案为[B])也难以驾驭:

The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that

[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.

[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature.

[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.

[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.

    无独有偶,这一年阅读部分第四篇文章的第一题的正确答案也包含all too这个词组。

According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English

[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms.

[B] is but all too natural in language development.

[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture.

[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s.

    由上可知,熟悉词组的意义重大。小至考试,大至学习,成毁有时系于小小的词组。为何如此?理由是词组为语言中已结晶的一部分,很难由其中的单词判断其准确意思。鉴于此,必须下大功夫熟悉这两天列出的核心词组。注意:这些词组是按年总结的,不按字母顺序。

    今天的结束语是美国英语中的一个表达法:six of one and half a dozen of the other(半斤八两——字面意思是“一个六个,另一个半打”)。

 

核心词组(1994-2000

interfere with 干扰

break down中断,出故障

at all 完全,根本

cast light on 使明白,阐明

by contrast与之相反,与…形成对比的是

be marked by特点是,以…为特点

coupled with加上;与…相结合

respond to对…作出反应

in response to作为对…的反应

on the horizon即将来临的

keep track of记录,跟上…的进展

be aware of意识到,知道

pass on to传递给

adapt…to使…适应

profit from从…获益

there and then在当时当地,当场,立即

account for说明(原因等),占(比例等)

how come为何,…是怎么回事

begin with始于

in the long run从长远来看,最终

be bound to注定,必定

know of知道,了解

apart from 除了;分开

live up to实现,做到

touch on提及,涉及

turn to…for向…请教或求助

in dispute处于争议中,在争论中

such…as to如此…以致

used to过去常常

bring about引起,带来

in the long term从长远来看

pass away消失;逝世

take to适应;对…作出反应

as yet到目前为止

be based on以…为基础

stand for代表

turn back折回,返回;改变做法

play one’s part起作用

on the part of就…来说;在…一边

be true of 对…适用,符合

as well也

on the grounds of基于…理由,根据

lie in在于

associated with与…有关系,与…相联系

come to…开始,逐渐

take off开始,开始流行;起飞

at the mercy of 任凭…的摆布,完全受…的支配

in return for作为对…的回报

stop short of 差一点就…

preside over主持,主管

on average平均,一般而言

give thought to 考虑

attach to贴上,系上;使附属,使依恋

apply to 适用;应用

long for渴望

in danger of有…危险,受到…威胁

in common共有,共同;共用

play a role 发挥作用

make up构成

on the contrary与之相反

with respect to相对于;关于,至于

hold…liable for让…对…负责

have one’s way自主行事,随心所欲

access to进入,接近

think highly of对…评价很高

resort to求助于,诉诸

look back回顾

argue for支持;论证

on behalf of代表

aim at目的在于,瞄准

in any case无论如何,在任何情况下

a host of众多,大量

be opposed to反对

call for要求

in practice在实践中,实际上

carry out 执行,实现

discriminate against歧视

in favor of支持,赞同

at the heart of位于…的中心

attribute…to将…归因于

yield to让位于,屈服于

take advantage of利用

compared to与…相比;比作

ignorant of对…无知,不知道…

find out弄清

with regard to关于;就…而论

in brief简而言之

speed up加速

typical of是…的典型特征

come of age 成年

worthy of值得

at an end完结;耗尽

follow from由…产生,由…推断

as usual像往常一样,照例

not so much...as... 与其说...不如说

in short简而言之

derive…from 从…中获得(或产生)

at the expense of以…为代价

depend on取决于

compensate for 弥补,补偿,赔偿

to some extent在一定程度上

in detail详细地

from time to time不时,有时

related to与…有关

as opposed to与…相对(或相反),而不是

deal with处理

give rise to导致,产生

consent to同意,默认

at the outset一开始

equivalent to 等于,与…等值

in turn又;依次,轮流

in action在起作用;在积极活动中

look into观测;调查

at once同时,一起;立刻

conform to 符合,顺应;遵守

arise from由…引起,由…产生

in general 一般,通常

identify…with把…与…等同起来

equate…with…将…等同于…

be bound up with与…密切相关

rest upon依赖

set up建立

owing to由于

be exposed to接触,暴露于…中

put…into effect实行,生效


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