★ stake

　　n.桩，标桩；赌注；利害关系

　　【例1】He drove a stake into the ground.他在地里打了一根桩子。

　　【例2】We will do this because our own security is at stake.我们之所以这么做是因为这涉及我们的安全问题。

　　【例3】Each of us has a stake in the future of our country.我们国家的未来与我们每个人都息息相关。

　　★ tramp

　　n./v.步行；沉重的脚步声(走)

　　n.流浪者

　　【例1】The car broke down and we had to tramp all the way home.汽车抛了锚，我们只得一路走回家去。

　　【例2】He’s a tramp and used to living rough.他是流浪汉，惯于雨卧风餐。

　　★ virus

　　n.病毒；(精神，道德方面的)有害影响

　　【例】Scientists have isolated the virus causing the epidemic.科学家们已分离出引起这种流行病的病毒。

　　★ fierce

　　a.凶猛的，残忍的；狂热的，强烈的

　　【例】A fierce debate on the tax cut was going on.一场围绕着减税的辩论正在激烈进行。

　　【同义替换】violent, intense

　　【派生】fiercely ad.凶猛地  fierceness n.凶残，狂热

　　★ survey

　　v.俯瞰，眺望；审视，调查；勘定

　　n.俯瞰，眺望；审视，调查；勘定

　　【例1】From the top of the hill, you can survey the whole city.从山顶上你可以俯瞰整座城市。

　　【例2】After much delay, the results of the survey were published.耽搁多时之后，调查结果终于公布了。

　　【同义替换】investigation, measurement, research; probe

　　★ nuisance

　　n.讨厌的人(或东西)；麻烦事

　　【例】The congestion and environmental damage caused by heavy lorries is an increasing nuisance.重载卡车造成的交通拥挤及环境损害确实是一个与日俱增的麻烦事。

　　★ optical

　　a.眼的，视力的；光学的

　　【例1】The lake in the desert was just an optical illusion.沙漠中的湖泊只是一种视力错觉。

　　【例2】Optical fibers have replaced small electric lights in some medical instruments.光纤已经代替了某些医疗器械中的小电灯。

　　【构词】opt(视力)+-ical(……的)→视力的

　　【同义替换】visual