在2016考研英语备考中,我们一提到定语,大家多会想到形容词做前置定语,用来修饰其后的名词,如a big apple, big作定语修饰apple。实际上,定语分为两类,一是前置定语,二是后置定语。后置定语同样在英语句子中高频的出现,只是大家没有太过注意,例如 somebody injured, the money left, something desirable, the years to come。今天我们就来谈一下后置定语的几种类型,同时看一下后置定语如何助跑写作,让英语句型更为多样。
一。介词短语作后置定语,如the bird in the tree(树上的小鸟),the standard of living(生活水平),the way to the hotel(去旅馆的路),the life in the future(未来的生活)。
二。不定式短语作后置定语,用来修饰限定其前的名词或名词性短语。分为以下三类:
1.在某些名词结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。
I have a lot of homework to do。
He is the first to finish the task。
There are a lot of things to do。
2.在某些抽象名词后可用动词不定式作后置定语,具体说明抽象名词的内容。常见名词有ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, effort, drive, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等。例句:
He has the ability to do the work。
I don’t have the courage to tell you the secret。
3.动词不定式有时可替代一个定语从句,与其前修饰的名词是主动关系,在时态上含有将来的含义。例如:
Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come),we will meet again。
In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked about her trip to China。
三、分词短语作后置定语。这时一般可以改写为定语从句,现在分词作后置定语与修饰的名词是主动关系,过去分词作后置定语与修饰的名词是被动关系。例如,
S1:There is a lady waiting for you.=There is a lady who waits for you。
S2:What is the language spoken in China?=What is the language which is spoken in China?
S1中,lady和wait之间是主动关系,S2中,language与spoken之间是被动关系。
我们在写作时,为了让句子结构更为高级,或是达到句式多样的目的,常用分词短语作后置定语来代替定语从句。如在2012年的考研英语作文中,我 们在描图表示两个人对同样的半瓶水表现出不同的态度时,可以说:As is shown in the picture, there is a contrast between two men facing the same problem with half a bottle of water. 在这个英语句子中,我们用现在分词短语作men的后置定语,相当于定语从句who face the same problem with half a bottle of water. 再如,在表达一个人眉头紧缩,因为水撒了发出叹息,可以说:The one frowning in anxiety is sighing because the water is spoilt out of the bottle。此句中,现在分词短语作one的后置定语,相当于从句who frowns in anxiety。用现在分词短语代替从句可以使句式更简短,句型也更为高级,更加丰富,同时也显示出考生深厚的语法功底。
所以,考生们在平时的写作训练中,可以试着使用不定式短语或是分词短语作后置定语来代替定语从句,从而提高句型的丰富度,让我们的作文更为出彩。