2016考研英语单词中有相当一部分基础词,有些词在不同语境中意思是迥异的,所以,建议大家结合精、泛读阅读材料和历年真题来加深对这些词的理解并正确使用这些词汇。
★ uproar
n。骚动,喧嚣,鼎沸
【例】The business community was in an uproar over the new tax law。商界因新税法而一片哗然。
【构词】up(上)+roar(怒吼)→喧嚣→鼎沸
【同义替换】turmoil
★ establishment
n。建立,设立;建立的机构(或组织)
【例1】British colonialism led to the establishment of a large empire。英国的殖民主义政策使其建立起幅员辽阔的大英帝国。
【例2】Consumers buy thousands of small items from a number of different retail establishments。消费者向许多不同的零售机构购买数以千计的小物件。
【真题】It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order。因此,通常来说,把科学机构当做一种保持良好运行状态的资源或是机器是非常有价值的。
★ verdict
n。裁决,判决;判断;定论
【例1】Your verdict means something in this case and means something more than the fate of this boy。你们的裁决对此案意义不小,关系到这个男孩的命运。
【例2】When our lives have faded, history will pronounce its cool, detached, and significant verdict。在我们的生命消逝以后,历史将做出冷静、公正而寓意深长的定论。
【构词】ver(真实)+dict(说)→说出事实→定论
【同义替换】conclusion, ruling, accusation
★ venture
v。冒险,拼;大胆表示
n。冒险事业,拼,闯
【例】Those who are willing to venture out in pursuit of their aims are often the ones who succeed。那些愿意冒险追求目标的人常常都是成功者。
【构词】vent(来)+ure→什么都赶来→冒险→追车一族就是冒险
【同义替换】adventure, risk
【真题】Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants, and cafes。这些食品服务商经营的范围小到小吃机,大到大型的餐饮机构,但是这些企业多数属于“horeca”,即宾馆、餐厅和咖啡厅。
★ permeate
v。弥漫,遍布;渗入,渗透
【例1】If there is a security breach in a small area, it can permeate the entire system。如果在小范围内有一个安全漏洞,它将扩散到整个系统。
【例2】The sacred law of Jesus Christ governs our civilization, but it does not, as yet, permeate it。耶稣基督的神圣法则统治着我们的文明,但是没有渗透到文明里去。
【构词】per-(贯穿)+meat(肉)+e→肉很入味→渗透,渗入
【同义替换】filter, pervade
【派生】permeation n。弥漫,遍布;渗入,渗透
★ sincere
a。诚挚的,真实的,诚恳的
【例】We must never be unworthy of our teachers’ untiring and sincere teachings。我们决不要辜负老师的谆谆教诲。
【构词】sin(罪)+cere→认罪的→真诚的,诚恳的
【同义替换】positive, true, real, genuine
【派生】sincerely ad。真诚地 sincerity n。真诚,诚挚
★ persecute
v。迫害
【例】The two parties disproves the theory of the other, but unite in persecuting the dissenter。尽管这两党对对方的理论均持反对意见,但在迫害持异议者这一点上却是一致的。
【同义替换】beset
【派生】persecution n。迫害
★ exempt
a。免除的
v。免除
n。免税者
【例1】Children under 16 are exempt from prescription charges.16岁以下的儿童免付处方费。
【例2】His bad eyesight exempted him from military service。他因视力不好而免服兵役。
【构词】ex-(出)+empt(拿,获得)→拿出来→被免除的
【同义替换】shield, discharge, dismiss
【派生】exemptible a。可豁免的 exemption n。豁免,免除;免税 exempted a。被免除的,被豁免的
★ scarce
a。缺乏的,不足的;稀少的,罕见的
【例1】Governments have also relied on regulations and financial incentives to encourage a switch from oil to less scarce, less costly fuels。各国政府还依靠法令和财政措施鼓励从石油向丰富而廉价的燃料转变。
【例2】Interferon is scarce and this has been a major obstacle in studying its effects。干扰素的量是很少的,这是研究干扰素作用的主要困难所在。
【同义替换】rare, scanty, insufficient
【派生】scarcity n。不足;缺乏
★ scarcely
ad。仅仅,几乎不,简直没有,勉强
【例1】With such a state of national unity the problem of disloyalty or isolationism scarcely existed。有了这样全国团结的局面,不忠贞和孤立主义问题就几乎不存在了。
【例2】Scarcely had she heard the sad story when she burst our crying。她一听到这悲伤的消息,就失声痛哭。
【构词】scarce(罕见的)+-ly(副词后缀)
【同义替换】barely, hardly
“人生的磨难是很多的,所以我们不可对于每一件轻微的伤害都过于敏感。在生活磨难面前,精神上的坚强和无动于衷是我们抵抗罪恶和人生意外的最好 武器。”考研绝对算不上什么人生的磨难,不过如果你因为它而感觉到痛苦的话,那也别忘了用“精神上的坚强和无动于衷”去抵抗它。u