1.常用前缀
aero -: concerning the air or aircraft
plane - aeroplane
space - aerospace
anti-: against;opposite of
nuclear - antinuclear
matter - antimatter
war – antiwar
auto -: of or by oneself
biography – autobiography
criticism – autocriticism
be -: to treat as the stated thing
friend – befriend
little – belittle
bi -: two ;twice ;double
lingual – bilingual
cycle – bicycle
bio -: concerning living things
chemistry – biochemistry
sphere – biosphere
by-,bye -:less important
product – by-product
way – byway
centi-: hundredth part
grade – centigrade
meter – centimeter
co-: together, with
author – coauthor
exist – coexist
col-: (used before 1)together ,with
location – collocation
com-: (used before b ,m , p)together ,with
passion – compassion
con-: together , with
centric – concentric
federation – confederation
contra-: opposite
diction – contradiction
natural – contranatural
cor-: (used before r ) together , with
relate – correlate
respond – correspond
counter-: opposite
act – counteract
attack – counterattck
cross-: across ;going between the stated things and joining them
country – cross-country
breed – crossbreed
de-: showing an opposite ; to remove ; to reduce
code – decode
value – devalue
dis-: not ; the opposite of
advantage – disadvantage
agree – disagree
honest – dishonest
em-: (used before b , m ,p )to cause to become
body – embody
power – empower
en-: to cause to become ; to make
danger – endanger
large – enlarge
ex-: former (and still living)
minister – ex-minister
wife – ex-wife
extra-: outside ; beyond
curricular – extracurricular
ordinary – extraordinary
fore-: in advance , before ; in or at the front
arm – forearm
warn – forewarn
il-: (used before 1) not
legal – illegal
literate – illiterate
im-: (used before b ,m ,p)not
moral – immoral
possible – impossible
in-: not
direct – indirect
sensitive – insensitive
infra-: below in a range ; beyond
red – infrared
structure – infrastructure
inter-: between ; among
change – interchange
national – international
intra-: inside ,within ; into
city – intracity
department – intra-department
ir-: (used before r ) not
regular – irregular
responsible – irresponsible
kilo-: thousand
gram – kilogram
meter – kilometer
macro-: large , esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of
economics – macroeconomics
structure – macrostructure
mal-: bad or badly
function – malfunction
treat – maltreat
micro-: extremely small
computer – microcomputer
electronics – microelectronics
mid-: middle
day – midday
night – midnight
mini-: small ; short
bus – minibus
skirt – miniskirt
mis-: bad or badly ; wrong or wrongly
fortune – misfortune
understand – misunderstand
mono-: one ; single
plane – monoplane
tone – monotone
multi-: more than one ; many
purpose – multipurpose
national – multinational
non-: not
resident – non(-)resident
sense – nonsense
out-: outside ; beyond
live – outlive
door – outdoor
over-: too much ; above ; additional
head – overhead
time – overtime
poly-: many
centric – polycentric
syllabic – polysyllabic
post-: later than ; after
graduate – postgraduate
war – postwar
pro-: in favor of , supporting
America – pro-America
abortion – pro-abortion
pseudo-: not real ; false
name – pseudonym
science – pseudoscience
re-: again ; back to the former state
unite – reunite
use – reuse
self-: by means of oneself or itself ; of ,to ,with , for ,or in oneself or itself
employed – self-employed
taught – self-taught
semi-: half ; partly
circle – semicircle
final – semifinal
step-: not by birth through a parent who has remarried
mother – stepmother
children – stepchildren
sub-: under ,below ,less important ;part of the stated bigger whole
divide – subdivide
section – subsection
super-: more ,larger ,grater than usual
marker – supermarket
natural – supernatural
tele-: at or over a long distance ; by or for television
communication – telecommunication
screen – telescreen
therm(o)-: concerning heat
chemistry – thermochemistry
meter – thermometer
trans-: across , on or to the other side of ; between
Atlantic – transatlantic
plant – transplant
tri-: three ; three times
angular – triangular
cycle – tricycle
ultra-: beyond ; very , extremely
modern – ultramodern
sound – ultrasound
un-: not
certain – uncertain
fortunate – unfortunate
under-: too little ; below
develop – underdevelop
sea – undersea
uni-: one ; single
form – uniform
directional – unidirectional
vice-: next in the rank ; below
chairman – vice-chairman
president – vice-president
2.常用后缀
(1)        名词后缀
-ability , -ibility
able – ability
flexible – flexibility
-age
post – postage
short – shortage
-al
arrive – arrival
refuse – refusal
-an ,-ian , -arian
library – librarian
music – musician
-ance , -ence
appear – appearance
refer – reference
-ancy , -ency
emerge – emergency
expect – expectancy
-ant , -ent
apply – applicant
correspond – correspondent
-cy
accurate – accuracy
-dom
king – kingdom
free – freedom
-ee
employ – employee
interview – interviewee
-er , -or , -ar
paint – painter
beg – beggar
-ery
brave – bravery
slave – slavery
-ese
China – Chinese
Japan – Japanese
-ess
actor – actress
waiter – waitress
-ful
hand – handful
spoon – spoonful
-hood
child – childhood
man – manhood
-ics
electron – electronics
linguist – linguistics
-ion ,ition , -ation
collect – collection
observe – observation
-ism
Marx – Marxism
socialist – socialism
-ist
psychiatry – psychiatrist
violin – violinist
-ity, -ty
cruel – cruelty
pure – purity
-ment
move – movement
retire – retirement
-ness
dark – darkness
happy – happiness
-ology
climate – climatology
future – futurology
-ship
frend – friendship
scholar – scholarship
-sion, -ssion
decide – decision
expand – expansion
-th
grow – growth
wide – width
-ure
close – closure
expose – exposure
(2)        动词后缀
-en
deep – deepen
fast – fasten
-ify
class – classify
simple – simplify
-ize , -ise
modern – modernise / modernize
popular – popularise / popularize
(3)        形容词后缀
-able , -ible
suit – suitable
question – questionable
-al
nature – natural
structure – structural
-an, -arian, -ian
suburb – suburban
Canada – Canadian
-ant , -ent
differ – different
please – pleasant
-ary , -ory
advise – advisory
custom – customary
-ate
consider – considerate
fortune – fortunate
-en
gold – golden
wood –wooden
-ese
China –Chinese
Japan – Japanese
-free
care – carefree
duty – duty-free
-ful
care – careful
pain – painful
-ic, -ical
atom – atomic
psychology – psychological
-ish
girl – girlish
child – childish
-ive
create –creative
support – supportive
-less
hope – hopeless
pain – painless
-like
child – childlike
lady – ladylike
-ly
man – manly
month – monthly
-ous , ious
danger – dangerous
poison – poisonous
-some
tire – tiresome
trouble – troublesome
-ward
down – downward
up – upward
-y
guilt –guilty
noise – noisy
(4)        副词后缀
-ly
easy – easily
heavy – heavily
-ward ,-wards
east –eastward(s)
north – northward(s)
-wise
clock – clockwise
other – otherwise