过渡性词语在一篇文章中的作用举足轻重，一篇文章中句与句、段落与段落之间各种关系的体现都离不开过渡性词语，而作者贯通思想脉络，使段落思想表达清晰、流畅的“万金油”也是非过渡性词语莫属了！
it is not the fine coat that makes the gentleman.
使人成为君子的并不是讲究的衣着。
[活动教室]
passage 1.
physical punishment
physical punishment has been a problem in hitting their children so they can have discipline or not hitting them because it is not right，1）can parents do and what can they not do？should the parents hit them to learn discipline，2）they not hit them and figure out another way to make them learn what discipline is？
3）many parents do not know or are confused in showing their children how to gain discipline，they do not know whether to hit them or not to hit them. many people think that by hitting their children that they are showing them violence 4）other people say that if you do the children would understand that they did something wrong and would not repeat it and gain discipline. what can parents do？
first of all，parents feel that the children are theirs，and they can spank them when they misbehave. there are many factors that lead to physical punishment：parents were too young and not ready for children，parents are going through a divorce and need to take out their anger on something or someone，5）parents do not know another way to punish their children. these children grow up to be aggressive and often abusive towards others. 6）parents think this is the only way of educating their children，there are many other alternatives.
there are other alternatives to punishing the children for their bad behavior. there are less severe punishments besides spanking. 7），they can take away their television privileges，computer use，and playing outside with their friends. next，they could ground them for the weekend and cancel plans. 8）parents could take the time to sit and talk to their children about their bad behavior.
physical punishment may cause a child psychological problems. first，if the physical punishment starts at an early age，the child will be used to being physically punished，9），his or her selfesteem may severely negative as he or she grows up. second，it is a lifeaffecting act to physically punish a child because they will be traumatized. 10）parents should think twice before they can physically punish their children. what they should think of is what problems they are causing the child in its life.
in conclusion，every parent must take consideration that the negative affects that spanking may cause a child.
pride hurts，modesty benefits.
满招损，谦受益。答案与解析：
1.答案〖so what〗解析：由该句结尾处的问号及and后的what可推断空格内应为疑问词what，且为使上下文连贯顺畅，填入so what最恰当。
2.答案〖or should〗解析：此处是和上半句形成并列关系的句式，因此应重复should并加上表示选择疑问的or.
3.答案〖because〗解析：此处需要一个表原因并能够引领下文的单词，我们选用because.在这种情况下我们常会想到两个词，because和for，通常情况下两个表“原因”的连词是可以互相代用的。because多用于表示直接原因，for可以表示原因又可以用于提出说明，语气比前者轻得多。because引导的从句一般放在主句后，有时也可放在主句前，而for引导的句子只能放在后面。另外在回答why的问句时，只能用because而不能用for.再者，for不能跟not……but句式连用，如：（1）i did it not because i liked it but because i had to do it.（正确）（2）i did it not for i liked it but for i had to do it.（错误）
4.答案〖but〗解析：该空格前后为两种截然不同的观点，故此处用表转折的but顺理成章。转折、承接性的连接词的学习和运用看似简单，实际上彼此很容易混淆，如果这部分知识掌握不扎实，就很难达到练就地道英语的目的。现在我们来比较一下相关的词语：but，however，still，nevertheless，yet这些词的词义接近，都表示转折和让步。
（1）but用来引出微弱的相反的意见，是口语常用语，如：sally was amused，but i was very embarrassed.萨莉很开心，但我却很尴尬。
（2）however比but的词义还要弱些，并不直接引出相反的意见，因此常用作插入语，如：the most surprising thing about it，however，is that it can land anywhere.不过，答案〖but〗解析：关于这架飞机最使人吃惊的事情是，它可以在任何地方着陆。
（3）still还，还是，如：it is true that winter is over；still，it is almost as cold.冬天已经过去了，这是事实，但天气还是那么冷。
（4）nevertheless的含义为即使做出完全的让步，也没有任何影响，或者说也不是决定因素，如：there was no news；nevertheless，she went on hoping.一点消息也没有，但她仍抱着希望。
（5）yet的含义为即使做出极端的让步，也不会发生期待的结果，如：he worked hard，yet，he failed.他干得很卖力，然而却失败了。
a man who fears suffering is already suffering from what he fears.
害怕痛苦的人其实已经在承受他所害怕的痛苦了。
5.答案〖or〗解析：在进行事物等的罗列时，我们常会用到的有and（表纯粹的并列），or（不然，否则。意思比较丰富），还有就是单纯用逗号连接。现在我们来具体体会一下单词or.
（1）表选择，当主句的人称与数不一致时，动词随最近的主语而变化，可解释为“或，或者；还是”，如：john or you are in class two.约翰或你在二班。
（2）表示不明确，在翻译时不直接译出，“大约，或者”，如：two or three miles两三里（距离）
（3）引导同义词或说明语，“或者说，即”，如：late last night or rather early this morning昨晚深夜，或更确切地说今天一大早。
（4）常和else连用，“否则，要不然”，如：make haste，or（else）youll be late.快点，要不然就晚了。
（5）在否定结构中否定前后二者，“不……也不”如：he cannot read or write.他既不会读也不会写。
（6）表让步，“不管……还是”，如：rain or shine，ill go.不管下不下雨，我都去。
6.答案〖although〗解析：根据句意填入表“虽然……但是”的承接词最恰当。在使用although时，请大家特别注意，主句中不能再用but，但可用副词nevertheless，yet等，在多数情况下，可与though通用，也可简写成altho，但在正式文章中不宜简写。
7.答案〖first〗解析：本段的主要内容是告诉父母们如何使用更加温和的方法来教育孩子。这段条理很清楚，主要是一些教育方法的列举，因此这个空格在稍后的next一词的提示下我们可得出答案是first.
8.答案〖last of all〗解析：该段的最后一条内容，也可用finally或the third.这是一段饱含劝解的文字，相比之下如果我们使用finally或the third就显得有些生硬，不够生动。所以last of all是我们的首选。
9.答案〖therefore〗解析：此处需要一个承上启下的词，用“因此”最恰当。therefore多用于推理，“因此，因而”，如：he was the only candidate；therefore，he was elected.他是惟一的候选人，因此他当选了。
10.答案〖eventually〗解析：修饰整句的副词，表“最后”，如：he worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill.他工作太卖力，最后自己病倒了。
adversity is a good disciple.
逆境是锻炼人的最好场所。
passage 2.
pros and cons of having hands in the pockets
there are far more pros for students having their hands in their pockets.
1）lets look at the comparisons and weigh up the results of the two anyway.
lets look at the cons to start with. the main con is that mr. pinto is against students having hands in their pockets.
2）why is mr. pinto against hands in pockets？as he has explained，he feels that it is disrespectful，for he believes that when your hands are in your pockets，you are not listening properly.
3）there is the belief of the nineteen sixties and seventies that when young men or women have their hands in their pockets，it will lead to them masturbating. this was frowned upon at the time
4）now it is more acceptable. this may also be a contributing factor to why mr. pinto has made a stand against hands in the pockets. for he is old enough to have lived through and taken in these rudimentary views（no disrespect intended）。
5）the pros can easily rebut the allegation of the cons. young men as energetic as they will be are constantly requiring to do something. think of the pockets as a restraining device to prevent fidgeting and fooling around with other students.
in this way，the pockets prevent students from being distracted from the speaker
6）the subject they should be observant of. this prevents the students from having a disrespectful response.
7）comes the comfort factor. students claim that it is more comfortable to have their hands in their pockets when they are standing up. heed that it is proven that people have longer attention spans，listen more attentively，and remain calmer and more relaxed when more comfortable. this leads to a greater increase in the productivity of the studentsactions or listening skills.
8）it has been proven students having their hands in their pockets will make them better and more attentive listeners and prevent them from getting up to mischief. is it better the students have their hands in their own pockets than be fooling around in someone else？
答案与解析：
1.答案〖nevertheless〗解析：本词意思是：（尽管如此）还是，仍然。作者在文章的一开头就提出了一个观点，即对于学生双手插兜的现象，赞成的态度多一些。该词起到引领全文的作用，即便我们有这样的认识，还是应该看一下具体的讨论和比较。nevertheless有即便做出让步，影响仍很小的含义。
2.答案〖still〗解析：该词在此是一个连词，表示“但是，仍然”，如：he is dull；still he tries hard.虽然笨，可是他很刻苦。该词在句中起强调的作用。
art is long，life is short.
人生有涯艺无涯。
3.答案〖〗also解析〖〗为承接上一段的内容，继续列举人们对于学生将手插兜的不赞成观点，这里用表示“也，还是”的词来连接上下文。当提到“也，还是”含义的词时，我们不禁会想到很多常用的同义词，除also之外还有too，likewise，besides，moreover，furthermore等，现在我们来回顾这些词的用法：所有这些副词都是介绍附加内容之用的。相比之下，also在语气上比too正式一些，试比较：he is gentle，but he is also capable of fierce intellectual combat.他很温和，但他也能够进行激烈的斗智。if you buy a car，youll need a parking place，too.如果你买辆车，你还需要一个停车场。再看likewise，它比also更加正式，并可能暗示各成分之间的平等和相似，如：you forgot to mention that her parents were likewise going to attend the ceremony.你忘了提到她父母也可能去参加仪式。besides经常引出一个加强前面内容的成分，如：i dont feel like cooking；besides，theres no food in the house.我不想做饭，而且家里已经没有可吃的东西了。moreover强调要出现事物的重要性，如the cellar was dark and forbidding；moreover，i knew a family of mice had nested there.这个地窖阴森可怕，而且我知道那有一窝老鼠。furthermore同moreover类似，常强调要出现事物的重要性，如：i dont want you to go，furthermore，i forbid it.我不想让你去，而且我也禁止你去。
4.答案〖whereas〗解析：本词意思是：然而，反之，鉴于。和十九世纪六十年代相比，现在的观点有所变化，故用连词“然而，反之”连接两个时期的看法。
5.答案〖however〗解析：说过了人们对于双手插兜的反面看法后，至此该引入对这一问题的正面看法了，因此用however“不管用何种方法”引导。该段主要在说明正面作用多于负面作用。
6.答案〖or〗解析：在这段中提到了和反面观点不同的看法，即青年学生双手插兜可以集中他们对关注的人或事的注意力，从而提升他们对关注对象的尊敬感。空格前后为并列关系的人和事，我们知道通常人只能在同一时间与人或物打交道，何况这里还有一种强调专一的意思存在，因此我们使用or“或者”，而不用and“和”之类的词语。
a crooked stick will have a crooked shadow.
身不正，影必斜。
7.答案〖then〗解析：本词意思是：然后，之后，后来，如：i cooked the meat and then i washed the pot.我烧好肉，然后刷了锅。then表承接，跟随刚才提到的关于学生双手插兜的现象的正面分析之后出现了一系列更能佐证正面效果的结论。
8.答案〖as〗解析：本词意思是：（表原因）由于，既然。文章的结尾段对全篇进行总结归纳，主要内容为：既然学生双手插兜能够收敛他们的注意力，使他们不再淘气，那么将手放入口袋不是比吊儿郎当更好吗。这里的一个词组fool around常用于口语中，意为“吊儿郎当”。
[友情提示]
记住常用的过渡性词语，多多益善。因为这对于你的文章至少会有三大好处：一、通顺连贯；二、句式多变，三、凑点字数。
you cant eat your cake and have it also.
世事两难全。
Passage 3.
Barbie Dolls and Self Image
There is a noticeable comparison 1） the poemThe MirrorBy Sylvia Plath & the articleBarbiethat appeared in the Newsday Tuesday November 18， 1997. The comparison is about how people look， and how society could reflect how you may feel about your looks.
Calamity is man's true touchstone.
患难是人的试金石。
In the poemThe Mirror， it tells about a lady who dislikes the way she looks. She thinks of herself as being ugly. In the article，it tells how Mattel （the makers of Barbie） want to change the looks & features of Barbie.
The reason for wanting to change the looks is because the makers of Barbie made Barbie too pretty， compared to normal people. Now being pretty is not a bad thing. 2） for little girls growing up they may feel like they want to look like Barbie. Barbie is very skinny and has a great face. 3） little girls may stop eating or doing other things， so they could look like Barbie. 4） it wont happen， Barbie is a doll. People are real，not Barbie dolls.
In the poem it shows how the lady wants to be pretty. 5） the lady takes short cuts to make her self look better to her self. Such as being in a candlelit room. 6） when the lady is in a regular lit room，she becomes ugly to her self again.
The reason Mattel is changing the appearance of Barbie is because little girls impact on the way society looks upon them. 7） this could hurt someones self esteem， and could damage the way someone looks upon oneself. In the poem the girl tries to make her prettier， by creating artificial prettiness. 8） in the end the mirror never lies. The poem & the article compare about how the way people look and feel， and how society has a role on their lives.
答案与解析：
1.答案〖between〗解析：空格前的comparison意为就两个或多个项目是否相同、相似、相等而进行考察的过程。空格后面我们又看到了两个不同事物的出现，毋庸置疑，这里一定需要一个介词与comparison相搭配，共同表达两者之间的比较。
2.答案〖But〗解析：这里but起到连接上下文的作用，主要用于引领下面的内容。
3.答案〖So〗解析：由于芭比娃娃非常美丽，受到大家的宠爱，所以小孩子要效仿她的样子，这里用表顺序承接的连词so因而，所以。
4.答案〖But〗解析：此处表示转折，这是对孩子们不吃饭而去模仿芭比娃娃的模样的做法的否定。空格后面还清晰地给出了理由，即芭比是个娃娃，言外之意她可以变成任意样子，而我们是真正的人，因此我们不能象娃娃一样。
5.答案〖So〗解析：在介绍了芭比娃娃这一事件之后，紧接着向我们展示了文章开头诗歌中提到的那位女士，她为了某个目的而实施了行动，这里空格处需要的是一个承上启下表示原因的单词，我们选用so，因此，如：He was sick， so they were quiet.他病了，所以他们很安静。
6.答案〖But〗解析：为配合句子前后意思的变化，此处用一个表转折的词来填充。本段的主要意思是，女士为了让自己看上去美丽，特意剪短了头发，并在有烛光的屋子里呆着，但是，当她出现在普通的地方时就又变得很丑了。
7.Who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.近墨者黑。
答案〖And〗解析：为实现语气和意思的连贯，这里用一个表并列的连词。但此处and表示和，并且的意思并不突出，它主要起到使文章中句与句之间紧密相连的作用。
8.答案〖But〗解析：此处but，但是，表示一种强烈的，无可争议的转折关系，也是在提醒人们事实的不可逆性。最后想请大家注意的是，我们在练习各种文章的写作时，总是把注意力集中在老师强调的文章主题要有新意等问题上，而忽略了循序渐进地练习相对简单、基础的知识，如转折、连贯等的表达法的重要性。事实上，文章的主干部分是最重要的，而要想做好这些工作，全靠我们的基本功。只有我们的基本功炼扎实了，才能在中心、主题等方面标新立异，施展无穷的才华。所以希望大家通过这篇文章的练习能够体会到在必要时频繁使用BUT并不一定会让文章失色。
Passage 4.
Teachers and Society
Teachers areengineers of the human souls.1） to many college graduates， teaching is probably the last thing they want to do， 2） the teaching profession in our country is often associated with low pay and poor housing. In the rural areas， the situation is 3） worse： many teachers have no moonlight to survive.
4） ， teachers are making enormous contributions to our country. Every year thousands and thousands of welleducated graduates enter the labor force and play important roles in various fields. Many of them have become achieving scholars and scientists and have contributed much to the advancement of Chinas science and technology and to her modernization programs. Teachers，needless to say， can claim part of the credit.
5） ， we should not be too optimistic about the future of our education， 6） Chinas long tradition for putting a high premium on education. By comparison， education receives very little attention and investment from the government， its budget totaling less than three percent of the countrys GNP. 7） the last decade has witnessed some progress in improving the educational infrastructure and the teachers living conditions， there is yet world of problems to be solved.
Constant dropping wears away a stone.
滴水穿石。
答案与解析：
1.答案〖But〗解析：开篇第一句话打了双引号，显然这是一句对于老师公认的至高无上的评价，但根据空格后面的内容，我们可以推断出学生对于教师这一职业的态度并不像引语中说的那么积极。因此这里我们用一个转折连词but.
2.答案〖for〗解析：社会上既然将老师这一职业大加赞赏，为什么和老师接触最多的学生们不愿意选择这样的未来呢？这是每一位读者都迫切想知道的事情，空格后面的内容就是对这一问题做出的解释。根据空格的位置（for在接表原因的句子时只能放在主句后面）和意思，我们用表原因的for.
3.答案〖even〗解析：人们不想当老师的原因已经很清楚了，这里作者还想进一步介绍老师在物质方面的窘迫，所以谈到了乡村教师，在此要表达一种强调语气更还的意思，我们使用副词even，此处是even与比较级连用表示比……更加比……还要的意思。
4.答案〖Yet〗解析：虽然，尽管如此。大家是否注意到该段第一个词后紧接着就是一个标点符号，我们通过观察发现被标点隔开的空格中需要的不是起关键作用的主语或其它句子中的重要成分，因此它要么是一个呼语，要么就是个修饰全句的副词或连词，如果是呼语或副词，在此文讲不通道理，那么它应该是一个承接上文、引领下文的连词，且该词有强调的语气。最后想为大家补充一点的是，在正式文体中，当yet表示迄今这一意思时，需与现在完成时动词连用，而不能使用一般过去时动词，如：（1）He hasnt started yet.（正确）（2）He didnt start yet.（错误）The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved.
生活中最大的幸福是坚信有人爱我们。
5.答案〖Unfortunately〗解析：该段第一句话有些长，但在句子的主干部分没有空格出现，因此在我们理解句意时不会有太大偏差。第五个空格应该是一个承上启下的单词，在此它若是一个副词更合理些，这里我们根据句意，使用unfortunately，现在举个例子来体会一下该词的用法：Unfortunately， the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen.不幸得很，这次演出是我们所见过的最乏味的演出。
6.答案〖despite〗解析：本词意思是：尽管，即使。该空格引领的句子是对主句的补充说明，这里主要表达的意思是，尽管中国有着悠久的重视教育的传统，但其前景仍不慎明朗。在这半句中我们再来巩固一个词组，put （offer， place， set）a premium on重视，促进，鼓励。
7.答案〖Although〗解析：为了能够和句子中的yet相呼应，同时兼顾文章的内容，这里我们选用although一词。该词用在主句中，可与副词yet，nevertheless等连用，但不能与but连用，这是一个与我们的汉语相悖的用法，希望大家在使用时特别留心。
Passage 5.
Is It Possible to Persuade Mankind to Live Without War？
War is an ancient institution which has existed for 1） six thousand years. It was always wicked and 2） foolish， but in the past，the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. 3） man will abolish war， 4） war will abolish Man. For the present， it is nuclear weapons that cause the gravest danger， but bacteriological or chemical weapons may， before long， offer an 5） greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons， our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this， we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way， not as contests of force， in which the victory goes to the side which is most skilful in massacre， but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is 6） to change age－old mental habits， but this is what must be attempted.
You never know your luck.
命运好坏不由己。
There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a profound error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic （教条主义的） assertions which are， at best， doubtful， and at worst， totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatical that they are willing to go to war in support of them.
The movement of world opinion during the past two years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the international 7） ， but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought， even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die， that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between East and West， but between Man and the Hbomb.
答案与解析：
1.答案〖at least〗解析：这里需要一个修饰时间的词组，使用at least至少可以使句子在表达意思方面更客观。该词组用于从最低可能去判断，不少于。
2.答案〖usually〗解析：在空格前我们能够发现一个可以给我们解题很大启示的单词and，对比它连接的成分可以推断出空格中缺少的是类似always这样能够修饰形容词的表示通常，大多数情况下的单词，通过这些信息我们可以得出答案，即usually.
3.Sow nothing， reap nothing.春不播，秋不收。
答案〖Either〗解析：要么……要么。用在以或连接的两个或多个并列成分或分句的第一个之前，如：Either we go now or we remain here forever.要么我们现在走，要么永远在这里呆下去。
4.答案〖or〗解析：还是either……or的词组，在此我们来具体看一下这个词组在使用时应注意的方面。在either……or结构中，两个连接词后应跟并列成分，试比较：（1）You may either have the ring or the bracelet.（2）You may have either the ring or the bracelet.你即可以有戒指也可以有手镯。显然，第一种说法不符合要求是错误的，而第二句是正确的。当作为句子中主语的either……or结构中的所有成分都是单数时，动词也应用单数，如：Either Mary or Tom has been invited.马丽和汤姆都被邀请了。类似地，当所有成分都是复数时，动词也应用复数，如：Either the Clarks or the Keys have been invited.克拉克全家和凯全家都被邀请了。以上提到的几点相信大家都会用得很好，值得注意的是最后一点，即当结构中既有单数成分又有复数成分的时候，动词该采取什么形式呢。关于这一问题人们的观点并不统一，但普遍认为动词的人称和数应与离得最近的名词或短语相匹配，因此我们说Either Eve or the Keys have been invited.而不说Either Eve or the Keys has been invited.
5.答案〖even〗解析：更加。这里需要一个能够加强语气的副词。前面提到核武器将造成严重后果，但相比之下细菌和化学武器的危害更大。even正是用在后半句之中以强调新武器的危害。
6.答案〖not easy〗解析：和difficult作用相同，此说法可以避免生硬的语气，更加符合英语表达的习惯。
7.答案〖sphere〗解析：本词意思是：（活动）范围，（研究）领域，如：We move in different spheres.我们在不同的领域里活动。该词与我们平时所见常见的表范围的词不同，它表示的意思相对广些，现在我们来看一下其它表范围的单词：rang， scope， reach， compass，它们都含有某事所能做的或所包括的范围的意思。range指运用心、眼、机器、力量等所能概括的整个范围，如：the range of his knowledge他的知识面。scope指活动、影响等的范围，特指了解，见解、适用性以外的范围，如：It is within my scope.那是在我的范围之内。reach指手、运动、智力、影响等能及的范围，如：Its beyond the reach of human aid.那是人力所不及的。compass着重某物所能活动的范围如：speak within compass在限定范围内讲话。The wealth of the mind is the only wealth.精神的财富是惟一的财富。
Passage 6.
Man and Nature
It is selfevident that man depends on nature for survival and development.
1） everything man possesses derives from nature. It is nature that has shaped man himself and his civilization.
2） the history of the development of human civilization is also a history of mans increasing destruction of nature. In primitive societies， people were completely at the mercy of their natural environment. In the agricultural era，
3） large scales of land cultivation and prodigious irrigation projects caused serious deforestation. The damage to natural environment and ecosystem has even been much greater since theIndustrial Revolution， our land， rivers， oceans and air have now been seriously polluted by poisonous gases， waste drainage and other pollutants released from factories.
Man has damaged the environment almost to the extent of ruining his own living space. This has been frighteningly evidenced by the revenges nature has wreaked on man in return： the greenhouse effects， acid rains and the gradual depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere. 4）we want to continue to live in this world， we had better try the best to protect our natural environment， 5） the maintenance of a harmonious relationship with nature is a matter of life and death to us.
答案与解析：
1.答案〖Almost〗解析：本词意思是：几乎，差不多。在此表示程度，但如果我们使用and，在语法上是正确的，但相比之下没有almost准确、生动、贴切，也很难和后一句联系起来。
2.答案〖Ironically〗解析：本词意思是：讽刺地。这一副词用于修饰整个句子，从句意中我们可以看出人类的文明发展史也是人类破坏自然的历史，这种做法无疑是自相矛盾的，但这又是事实，很具有讽刺意义。
3.答案〖however〗解析：从空格出现的位置判断，这里缺少的应该是一个插入成分，或类似though，however的连词。根据前后句子内容上的关系，我们可知这里需要一个表示转折关系的连词，在并列连词中，however可表示意思的转折，并且常用于句中，前后用逗号隔开。
4.答案〖If〗解析：本词意思是：如果，（表假设）要是，如：If need be， well work all night.如果需要我们就干个通宵。根据主句的句意，……，我们不得不……推断空格引领的应该是一个条件句，所以选用if.
5.答案〖for〗解析：for用于表示原因。这里将上一句中提出的假设人们必须履行义务的原因做了解释，说明维系人类与自然的和谐关系是生死攸关的事，人类只有爱护自然，才能进而达到爱护自己的目的。You can't judge a tree by its bark.人不可貌相。
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