指导:2007-2009年考研英语完型填空真题解析(2)

文都教育 /2009-09-23

  11.【解析】[D] 语义衔接/词义辨析题。本题目选择名词,做宾语从句的主语。…it implicitly asks what the realof our own intelligence might be. “这项实验含蓄地提出一个问题:人类智慧的真正……可能是什么。”前文已经提到Intelligence…is a highpriced option,因此应选D.costs。选项A.features 特征;B.influences 影响;C.results 结果,均不符合题意。

  12.【解析】[B] 固定搭配题。本题目选择介词,与mind搭配。on one’s mind或on the mind of sb. 是固定短语,意为“有心事,总是想着”,其他三项均不能与mind构成固定搭配。

  13.【解析】[C] 固定搭配题。本题目选择动词,作为wonder引导的宾语从句的谓语。选择的动词应与experiments搭配。选项A. deliver 递送;D. apply 应用;两者均不能与experiments搭配。若用carry,则为carry out experiments,故只能选C. perform 执行,perform experiments意为“做实验”。

  14. 【解析】[D] 词汇辨析题。本题目选择介词短语在句中做插入语,表明逻辑关系。前文已经讲到作者很好奇,如果动物有机会的话,会对人类进行何种实验。本句接着说Every cat with an owner,, is running a smallscale study in operant conditioning。“每一只有主人的猫都在进行一项有关操作性条件反射的小规模研究。”这是以cat为例进一步论述动物对人进行实验,因此应选择表示举例的介词短语,故选D. for instance 例如。选项A. by chance 偶然;B. in contrast与……相比;C. as usual像往常一样;均不符合题意。

  15.【解析】[A] 逻辑衔接题。本题目选择连词,体现句子之间的逻辑关系。由ran,would可知,本句使用了虚拟语气,是对动物可能对人类进行实验进行了假设,故选A。选项B. unless 除非;C. as因为;D lest 唯恐,均不符合题意。

  16.【解析】[C] 语义衔接/词汇辨析题。本题目选择动词,与limits搭配,作为test的目的。选项A. moderate 缓和;B. overcome克服;D. reach 达到。既然作为测试的目的,应为确定某些内容,故选C. determine,这里是“查明,测定”的意思。

  17.【解析】[B] 语义衔接/词义辨析题。本题目选择介词,体现逻辑关系。该句承接上一句,继续论述假设动物对人类进行实验的内容。选项A. at表示方位; C. after表示时间;D. with表示伴随,均不符合语义,只有B. for表示目的,构成what…for符合语境,表明动物们想了解人类智慧是用来干什么的。

  18.【解析】[A] 逻辑衔接题。本题目选择逻辑关系词,体现前后句子之间的逻辑关系。前面两句解释了假设动物对人类进行实验会进行的的内容:它们想了解人类的某些极限,想知道人类智慧的用途。本句与前两句构成并列排比,they would hope to study aquestion“它们希望研究一个问题”,与前两句应为顺承关系,表示强调或递进,所以B. After all毕竟;C. However但是;D. Otherwise 否则;三者均不符合题意,只有Above all“首先,尤其是”符合题意。

  19.【解析】[A] 语义衔接/词汇辨析题。本题目选择形容词,作定语修饰question。选项A. fundamental基本的;B. comprehensive 综合的;C. equivalent 相等的;D. hostile 敌对的。由下文可知,这个question是Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? “人类是否真正了解他们生活的这个世界?”这应该是个最基本的问题,故选A。

  20. 【解析】[C] 逻辑衔接/词汇辨析题。本题目选择短语体现与前面句子的逻辑关系。前面句子提出一个问题,本句讲the results are inconclusive(……结果是不确定的)。因此, 选项C. so far“迄今为止”最符合题意,A. By accident偶然;B In time 及时;D. Better still更好;三者都不符合语义。

  参考译文

  对动物智力的研究总是让我们思考人类到底有多聪明。让我们看一下卡尔·齐默周二发表在科学时代刊物上的文章所描述的果蝇试验。有些果蝇经过训练变得比普通果蝇聪明,但是寿命却缩短了。这表明暗淡的灯泡使用时间更长,暗淡是灯泡的一个优势。

  事实证明,智力是要付出昂贵的代价。它需要更多的保养、消耗更多的燃料,因为智力依靠的是学习,这是一个循序渐进的过程,而不是一种本能,所以离开起点时进展缓慢。许多其他的物种也有学习能力,很显然他们学到的东西之一就是知道何时停止。

  有限的智力是否有适应值呢?这也是此项研究的课题。我对此很感兴趣。这个试验不是去回顾那些被我们划为低智商的物种,而是含蓄在问我们自己,智力的真正代价是什么。我们所遇到的每种动物也都在思考着个问题。

  对动物智力的研究也让我想,如果动物有机会的话,他们会对人类作什么样的实验。比如说,每只有主人的猫都在进行一个小型的操作性条件反射研究。我们认为如果动物也能进行试验的话,他们会测定我们的忍耐度,忠诚度,以及对地形的记忆力。他们会试图判定人类智力的实际用处,而不仅仅是判定人类智力的高低。最重要的是他们希望研究一个最基本的问题:人类是否真正意识到了自己所生存的世界?对此,目前仍无定论。

  2008年考研英语完形填空真题解析

  The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is  1  to say it anyway. He is that  2  bird, a scientist who works independently  3  any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested。

  5  he, however, might tremble at the  6  of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only  7  that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in  8  is a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection。

  This group generally does well in IQ test,  9  12-15 points above the  10  value of 100, and have contributed  11  to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the  12  of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,  13  . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts,  14  , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been  15  to social effects, such as a strong tradition of  16  education. The latter was seen as a (an)  17  of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately  18  . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has  19  them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20  state of affairs。

  1. [A] selected[B]prepared[C] obliged[D] pleased

  2. [A] unique[B]particular[C] special[D] rare

  3. [A] of[B]with[C] in[D] against

  4. [A] subsequently[B]presently[C] previously[D] lately

  5. [A] Only[B] So[C] Even[D] Hence

  6. [A] thought[B]sight[C] cost[D] risk

  7. [A] advises[B]suggests[C] protests[D] objects

  8. [A] progress[B]fact[C] need[D] question

  9. [A] attaining[B]common[C] mean[D] calculating

  10. [A] normal[B]common[C] mean[D] total

  11. [A] unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C] indefinitely[D] unaccountably

  12. [A] missions[B]fortunes[C] interests[D] careers

  13. [A] affirm[B]witness[C] observe[D] approve

  14. [A] moreover[B]therefore[C] however[D] meanwhile

  15. [A] given up[B]got over[C] carried on[D] put down

  16. [A] assessing[B]supervising[C] administering[D] valuing

  17. [A] development[B]origin[C] consequence[D]instrument

  18. [A] linked[B]integrated[C] woven[D] combined

  19. [A] limited[B]subjected[C] converted[D] directed

  20. [A] paradoxical[B]incompatible[C] inevitable[D] continuous

  文章背景

  这是一篇介绍个人学术观点的说明文,文章内容主要围绕一部分人是否比另外一部分人聪明这个主题展开。该文原文刊登在2005年6月2日的《经济学人》杂志上,原文的标题是The Evolution of Intelligence(智力的进化),命题专家对原文进行了一定的简化,但是意思没有发生丝毫的变化。

  文章结构

  文章采用了总分的叙述方式,文章第一段的前两句话就是文章叙述的主题,全片文章围绕这个主题展开。

  第一段:

  The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is  1  to say it anyway。(总述)


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