参加国际上的任何一场考试，只要是写英语作文，主体上应该是一般现在时态；只有当你提到具体的、过去的、某一事件段发生的具体的某一件事情作为例证时，可以一般过去时。中心时态是简单的一般现在时。
图画作文
第一：对图画进行描述：第二：透过画面点出图画的寓意；第三：发表议论、提出问题方法和建议。
背诵1
As is shown in the pictures，（From the pictures，we can see clear that）with the increase of commercial fishing， the number of fishes dramatically decreased. In one picture，there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900. On the contrary，in 1995 there was only one fish，with many fishing-boats.
The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decline of ocean resources. Owing to overfishing the number of fishes has obviously dropped. If we let this situation go/continue as it is，we do not know where fish will be in the future. By that time，our environment will suffer a great destruction.
Therefore，it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. For one thing，we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another，we should enhance the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty，and we will have a brighter future.
Directions：沙进我退，我进沙退
A. Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in about 200 words.
B. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ。
C. Your essay should meet the requirements below：
1. Describe the cartoon（对图画进行描述）and the message conveyed（透过画面点出图画的寓意）
2. Draw a conclusion and give your comment on the cartoon.（发表议论、提出问题方法和建议）
背诵2
From the pictures，we can see clearly the relationship between people and the deserts. In the first picture，people are fleeing from greedy sand hills because they cut down all the trees. The caption reads：As the sand advances，we retreat. In the second picture，the people have returned carrying tools，water and young trees to plant the land again. The caption reads：As we advance，the sand retreats.（描述）
It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about the importance of trees in water and soil conservation， and the need for everyone to fight against the danger of desertification. In fact，what he is saying is if we do not fight against the sandhills， the sandhiills will drive us away from the land. （In fact，what he is saying is that the sandhills will drive us away from the land if we do not fight against them.）If we let this situation go as it is，our environment will suffer a great destruction. （寓意）
The best way to fight back against the greedy desert is made clear in the second picture. There the local people are actively setting about the task of planting trees to reclaim（改造）the land and make it（代词的使用）fertile. The fact that（同位语）there are three people in the picture each with a different job（逻辑独立主谓结构，介词短语表示动态概念），suggest that（事实说明）working together is the key to success in the battle against soil erosion.（措施、建议）
隐形杀手
Directions
A. Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in about 200 words.
B. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ
C. Your essay should meet the requirements below：
1. Describe the cartoon and the message conveyed
2. Draw a conclusion and give your comment on the cartoon
背诵3
Pollution is becoming more and more serious all over the world. As is shown in the cartoon，two cars are giving off waste gas and three people are trying to avoid breathing in the poisonous gas by masking their face with their hands. The poisonous gas sent off by factories，domestic appliances and automobiles has made the air unhealthy for people to breathe.（对图画进行描述）
There is no denying that automobiles are indications of civilization，progress and development；nevertheless， automobiles cause the serious problem of air pollution. Scientists have warned that unless effective measures are taken， the problem of pollution will eventually get out of hand. Actually，people are showing a real concern over the problem. For example，there is an increasingly loud voice from the public（公众）for firm action against pollution from automobiles.（寓意）
Indeed，the earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our descendants. In my opinion，we should work out concrete solutions to the problem of pollution from poisonous gas given off by automobiles. For example，the automobiles should be equipped with a device which can dispose of waste gas so as to prevent it from polluting air. Only in this way can we really solve the problem of air pollution caused by automobiles.（措施、建议）
产销会
Directions：
A. Write an essay that conveys the information in the following chart/graph/picture/drawing/cartoon accompanied by your comments.
B. Time limit：40 minutes
C. Word limit：no less than 150 words
D. Your essay should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.
背诵4
This picture shows two people reading the announcement on a billboard，and being shocked at the message. This is because the billboard is advertising a "Sale of Dead Bodies" The cartoon is a criticism of the careless use of simplified characters.
Obviously，the advertiser wants to inform people of the sale of something else- not dead bodies！But we don't know what it is，because the three characters which make up the message are used incorrectly. Nowadays too many people not only do not take enough care to write properly，they even invent their own simplified ways of writing.
Simplifying the old，complicated characters has been a great benefit，enabling people to learn to read and write quickly. But we should stick to the standard simplified characters，make sure that we use them properly，and definitely not make up our own simplified characters. Otherwise，what was intended to make communication easier could result in making it more difficult
图画+提纲+场景
2001年写作考题评分标准及样卷
Directions：
Among all the worthy feelings of mankind，love is probably the noblest，but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.（不是重心， 不能展开 ）
There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to
1） show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below，（描述，寓意）
2） give a specific example，and（举例）
3） give your suggestion as to the best way to show love. You should write about （建议措施）
200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）
Sample 1（235词15句）
背诵5
（Among all the worthy feelings of mankind，love is probably the noblest. ）删除，败笔，机械抄袭命题语言Love is of the utmost importance to us humans. Everybody not only needs love，but also should give others love.
As can be seen in the picture，"love is a lamp which is brighter in darker places" This is indeed true. People in darker places need more light than other people. Maybe even a dim light can give them much hope for a better life. Maybe just a thread of light will call forth their strength and courage to help them step out of their difficulties.
I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the following examples.（Numerous examples can be given easily，but these will suffice<足够>For instance when someone is starving to death，just a little food and water from you may save his（her）life. Again，when a little girl in a poor rural area drops out of school because of poverty，just a small sum of money from you may support her t o finish school and change her life. In these circumstances you have given love which is like a lamp in a dark place where light is most needed.
To sum up，we should offer our help to all the needed. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. So when you see someone in difficulty or in distress and in need of help，don't hesitate to give your love to him （her）。I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in. （20分）
9个句子242单词 加深两点认识：老师写的，全是复杂句子
1. 文章趋势是复杂句子，基本上拿不到高分。
2. 全是简单句子，也不行。
*考试，考英语面掌握的宽度。句型多变化
2001年作文范文
背诵6
When we use the word "love" we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex，which is a very narrow definition of the word. The picture below illustrates the real meaning of love，by stressing the fact that love is emotional strength，which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. In fact，throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions.
As an example of the power of love，we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year. Although their incomes are still low by international standard's， people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can-be it money or goods-to help their needy fellow citizens. Moreover，they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.
In my opinion，the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble，no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers. In this way，we can help to make the world a better place，for， as the picture shows，the darker the shadows of sorrow become，the more brightly the lamp of love shines
图表作文
粗线条；原因，没点拓展一下；措施建议
99年 作文 （三）评卷实例
Directions：
A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words.
B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ。
C. Your essay should cover these three points：
1. effect of the country's growing human population on its wildlife（描述图表，想大于现状，粗线条的描写）
2. Possible reason for the effect
3. Your suggestion for wildlife protection
样卷1. 得分14 15句话
背诵7
From these graphs，we can draw a conclusion that，with the growth of human population，the number of species has decreased rapidly in America，and some species have even vanished from our planet.33
Why does this phenomenon appear？I think there are several possible reasons for this. First，with a rapid growth of population（as the human population expands），more and more people came to（逐渐开始）live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably cannot adapt to the new environment and die. Second，although many people look on the wildlife as their friends，some people may not think so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Third，with the development of industry， the natural balance and the ecological environment are destroyed. The deforestation（采伐森林）has become more and more serious. So锁定这一段 some of the wild lives become homeless and extinct. 123
In order to protect the wildlife，I have some suggestions. First，the government s should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. Second，the governments should educate people to love nature and protect it. Third，as for ours elves，we should take practical actions to protect our living environment.
在写一些文章时，不可避免的会有一些核心概念，避免重复。
①人口增长 野生动物 灭绝 构成威胁
THE UPS AND DOWNS OF POPULATION GROWTH
背诵8
The two charts show that the ①increase in the U.S. population has been accompanied by a corresponding decline in the number of wildlife species. Far too many species have been lost already. This poses a danger to the ecological balance.
As the human population ②expands，more and more wild animals are hunted for food，or because they are thought to present a threat to man. But studies show that one of the primary causes of the disappearance of wildlife is pollution，which is one of the consequences of population ③growth and economic development. This makes us wonder if man is able to share this planet in harmony with other life forms.
In my opinion，it is imperative（迫切的）to take steps to reverse the disturbing（令人困惑的）trend illustrated in the charts. One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wild life is threatened with extinction. But，more importantly，man must learn to stop polluting the environment，or he himself will become extinct.
举例时，有两种方式：
1. 举几个例子，每个例子都是高度浓缩，高度的提炼。
2. 举一个例子，把这个例子细化。
最后要有一个主题句，在后面锁定段落
范文十一
Statistics in People's Daily Expenses in Xi'an
Year Item 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Food 66 61 48 41 36
Clothing 9 10 12 15 18
Recreation 4 5 8 9 11
Others 21 24 32 35 35
Total 100 100 100 100 100
背诵9
What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the people's daily expenses in Xi'an from 1995 to 1999. The expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7%. The statistics of rise and fall seem to exist in isolation but closely related to one another.
There are two factors accounting for these changes. Development in economy is an essential one in the five years. The increased income resulting from economic growth plays an important part in the less expense on food. Hence，a small percentage of total income is enough to cover food expense. Another one is the changes in life style. When food presents no worry to the average，people begin to focus more of interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time. As a result of such a shift，spending on clothing and recreation increases year after year.
From the analyses made above，we may come to the conclusion that people's living standards in Xi'an have been constantly improved between 1995 and 1999. With the further growth in economy and more changes in life style，the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the better direction.
图表作文的变体
A. Write an essay that conveys the information in the following chart/graph/picture/drawing/cartoon accompanied by your comments.（1 信息〈具体的描述〉 2 对信息的看法）
B. Time limit
C. Word limit
写法：第一段依然是粗线条的描述
第二段进行深入细致的描述*图表语言*
第三段发表个人的评论
第1种 分析背后的原因
第2种 对图表的发展趋势，发表个人的看法
第3种 一般性的评论（原因、趋势）
1. 这种提醒考的是科研能力。 要会观察现象、看数据，会分析里面的规律性的东西
2. 考论证的能力。 观点是来自数据、图表本身；规律性的东西——观点；数举行的东西——论证支持。
3. 图表本身暗示作者的立场。
4. 一切的一切来源于图表。
考科研能力；考语言能力。
Directions：
Widespread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences，yet the tobacco companies still claim that they make a valuable contribution to the world economy.
There is a discussion in a newspaper on the above two viewpoints.
Write an essay to the newspaper
1） criticizing their view and
2） justify your stand.
In your essay，make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below.
You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
把图看懂，图的导向是什么，以此明确你的立场。
背诵10
The majority of people would agree that cigarette smoking has caused serious problems. But the tobacco companies insist that they contribute greatly to the world economy by paying taxes to the government and employing hundreds of workers.（当他的情景部分是两个观点，而图表本身又暗示了一个观点，在第一段要点击对方的观点，但是绝对不展开。也不要写的太长。）
Personally，I believe that cigarette production and consumption threatens to do more harm than good. Firstly， smoking is responsible for（是造成什么原因）many fatal diseases such as lung cancer，heart diseases and so on. According to the survey，tobacco consumers account for about 20% of the world population，and among them，three mill ion people die from smoking-related diseases every year. The fact that the output of tobacco production is reduced from 143.64 billion pounds in 1994 to 142 billion pounds in 1995 also suggests that people have come to realize the negative effects of smoking. Secondly，tobacco consumption is extremely wasteful of money. As is indicated in the pictures，200 billion US dollars is lost due to smoking each year. Obviously，the total loss of money around the globe substantially exceeds（大大超过）the gain in the industry.（*全部来源于数据*仅是描述）
表层结构写出来，思考就生成观点。数据就变成论证。（不能这么写）
特殊要求：图表语言
In conclusion，as the economic development aims at making our life better，we cannot sacrifice our health for short-term financial benefits. If we have to spend more and more money providing medical services for those who suffer from smoking-related illnesses，the notion of promoting economy via tobacco production is not justifiable. It is high time that we fought for the total tobacco ban
Directions：
A. Write an essay discussing the two opposite opinions given below，give both some reasons，and make your comments or suggestions.
There are two main opinions concerning the development of private cars in China：One maintains that their free development should be encouraged，while the other argues that it must be sternly restricted.
B. Time limit：40 minutes
C. Word limit：about 200 words
D. Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ。
背诵11
Should the development of private cars be encouraged or restricted in China？To judge this issue，we should look at three aspects：What are the advantages of private cars；what are their disadvantages；and is China ready for the free development of private cars？
First of all，the private car is a symbol of freedom. It enables an individual or a family to travel anywhere and at any time，without relying on public transport. It is convenient for shopping and transporting children to and from school. Moreover，in the case of illness，it can carry its owner or other sick person t o hospital without delay.
However，too many private cars can lead to traffic jams，thus slowing down life and work rather than speeding it up. In addition，automobiles are major polluter s of the atmosphere. And，last but not least，the more cars there are on the roads，the more traffic accidents occur. It seems to me that China，at its present stage of development，should restrict the number of private cars. For one thing，it would be a waste of resources to build a huge automobile industry at a time when only a few people can afford to buy cars. For another，the country must first bring pollution under control before adding to the problem with more cars
Directions：
A. Title：How to Improve Or Reform Our Current College Entrance Examination System.
B. Time limit：40 minutes
C. Word limit：about 200 words
D. Your essay should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ。
E. Your essay should be based on the information given below.
目前我国高考竞争愈演愈烈。每年考生人数近300万，而录取率在40%以下，多数考生肯定要 落选。这给考生、考生的家庭和学校，乃至整个社会，都造成了很大压力，引发了一些社会 问题。此外，不同类型或特点的考生用同一模式和难度的试卷，有欠公允；三天的考试成绩 便决定一个人的未来命运，亦不够合理。如何解决这些问题，改革现行的高考制度？我的 意见是…。（看成三点：1 现状 2原因 3建议措施）
背诵12
Statistics show that no more than 40% of people who take the college entrance exams pass. Because a college education is regarded as the key to a successful career，this puts enormous pressure on the applicants. It also causes social problems，as those who fail consider that they have disgraced their families.
It seems to me that the exams are unfair，for three reasons：First，applicants with different abilities are faced with the same type of exam paper，second，the results of a mere three days of examination affect the applicant's whole future；and third，applicants who can afford private tutors usually score higher marks than those who are poorer，but perhaps more intelligent.
To improve the system of college entrance exams，I suggest the following steps：the exam papers should be graded to take into account the different levels of ability and the different backgrounds of the applicants；in addition to the actual exam，a complete assessment of the applicant's educational achievements should be made；and tutoring in examination techniques should be made available to all
背诵13
Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa. Although I last met this man eight years ago，I have not forgotten his special qualities.
First of all，I was impressed from the beginning by his devotion to teaching. Because his lectures were always well=prepared and clearly delivered，students always swarmed into his classroom. His followers also appreciated the fact that he believed in what he taught and that he was always stimulating. （引人入胜的）Furthermore he could be counted on in every class session to explain his ideas in an imaginative way， introducing such aids to student understanding as oil paintings，phonograph records，pieces of sculpture，and guest lecturers. Once he even sang a song in class in order to illustrate a point.
Second，I admired the fact that he would confer with students outside of the classroom or talk with them on the telephone. Drinking coffee in the snack bar，he would easily make friends with students. Sometimes he would challenge a student to join with him a game of chess. At other times，he would quite readily join groups to discuss subjects ranging from astronomy to scuba diving. Many young people visited him in his office for academic advice；others came to his home for social evenings.
Finally，I was impressed and attracted by his lively wit. He believed that no class hour is a success unless the students and the professor share several chuckles and at least one loud laugh. Through his sense of humor，he made learning much more enjoyable and lasting. If it is true that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry，then my friend is truly a wise man. Probably the best example of his wit is this idea with which he once ended a lecture ："It is as dangerous for man to model himself up on his invention，the machine，as it would be for God to model himself upon His invention. "
重视语言的表达（实质性的涨分）
There is a growing concern over the students who do not put too much emphasis on study. Some students always idle away their time（消磨时光），playing cards，drinking，gambling. These problems are really serious. Taking into account all these factors，we can safely come to the conclusion that the students will waste more time if they do not make good use of it.
As a student，busy as I am with my study，I also do many interesting things such as reading novels，writing articles at the two-day weekend. All work no play makes Jack a dull boy（只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻）。It is really true！这些词句就像沙漠中的金子，所谓的金子无非是语言的variety.所谓语言漂亮是指语言的变化。
