在考研英语中,考生们会很熟悉一个名字,那就是长难句。在整个考试中长难句无所不在,几乎充斥了整个考试,完型、阅读和翻译,所有的题型中都包含了众多长难句。所以具备解决长难句的能力是每个考研学生要具备的基本能力。长难句顾名思义,不仅句子长,单词多,而且句子的结构复杂,有些甚至是层层嵌套,这些一系列的特征就让很多阅读能力平平的考生望而却步,所以要想解决长难句的问题,我们应该从了解西方人英语阅读的习惯入手,以及西方阅读习惯与我们的差异。
在中西方阅读习惯的中我们可以发现,困惑很多考生的长难句翻译问题,首先要找到句子的主干,然后再去翻译句子的修饰部分,这样不仅能清晰地把握句子的意思,而且能够了解哪部分为修饰,哪部分可以省略不读,这样在紧张的考研考试中会节省更多的时间,提高做题的效率。
那既然我们了解了阅读习惯的区别,那么具体如何解决长难句的问题我们可以遵从以下的步骤。
1.首先,我们要明确长句究竟在哪里断开,找到有用的,抛弃无用的。先来看看下面这个句子:Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success。
2.在阅读时要注意辨别这些复杂修饰成分,找出真正的主语和谓语。很显然,这句话应该在冒号处断开,冒号后是对前半句的解释,所以在读在这句话时,我们不必把太多精力放在前半句上,而要着重理解后半句,这才是与文章内容相关的部分。整句话的复杂修饰成分包括介词短语in the best of circumstances, from larger, more established companies,以及不定式to broaden their customer bases,和现在分词arising from their current success。
再来看一个复杂修饰成分为从句的例子:Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies。
3.原句中的定语从句、宾语从句对句意表达的作用不大,可以略过不读。通过对复杂修饰成分的加工处理,这个句子变得十分简单:One of the principal reasons is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts。
考研阅读的复杂修饰成分往往放在一个比较复杂的句子框架中,例如下面这句话Although the samurais had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive。
4.先明确句子大体框架再剥离复杂修饰成分。整个句子是镶嵌在although…it is not surprising 这个框架中的,但是由于中间插入成分多,容易打断考生思路,导致无法准确把握句意,同时运用了介词短语by years of peace,定语从句tasks that…。以及过去分词encouraged to…
通过本文分析,我们可以看出长难句不是不能攻克,干扰阻碍我们解题的无非就是以上几种常见的形式,在这里提醒各位考生,辨别并适当处理其复杂修饰成分能帮助考生快速领会文章实质,轻松应对考题。