[D]the plan under challenge

　　Text 3

　　That everyone‘s too busy these days is a cliché。 But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully： There’s never any time to read。

　　What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don‘t seem sufficient。 The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read： “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times。” But in my experience， using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn‘t work。 Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book‘s the last thing you need。 The modern mind， Tim Parks， a novelist and critic， writes， “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted； it is that one is actually inclined to interruption。” Deep reading requires not just time， but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient。

　　In fact， “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem。 Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally， judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal。 Immersive reading， by contrast， depends on being willing to risk inefficiency， goallessness， even time-wasting。 Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you‘ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful， sometimes， but not the most fulfilling kind。 “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt，” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time， and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles （days， hours， minutes） as they pass， for if they get by without being filled， we will have wasted them。” No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book。

　　So what does work？ Perhaps surprisingly， scheduling regular times for reading。 You‘d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set， but in fact， Eberle notes， such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time。” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books， or on single-purpose e-readers。 “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work， too-providing you dip in often enough， so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business， before dropping back down。 On a really good day， it no longer feels as if you‘re “making time to read，” but just reading， and making time for everything else。

　　31。 The usual time-management techniques don’t work because      。

　　[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind

　　[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading

　　[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them

　　[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed

　　32。 The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to      。

　　[A] update their to-do lists

　　[B] make passing time fulfilling

　　[C] carry their plans through

　　[D] pursue carefree reading

　　33。 Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps      。

　　[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set

　　[B] develop online reading habits

　　[C] promote ritualistic reading

　　[D] achieve immersive reading

　　34。 “Carry a book with you at all times”can work if      。

　　[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day

　　[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with

　　[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading

　　[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business

　　35。 The best title for this text could be      。

　　[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading

　　[B] How to Find Time to Read

　　[C] How to Set Reading Goals

　　[D] How to Read Extensively

　　Text 4

　　Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure， younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success， a latest poll has found。

　　Across generational lines， Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life， including getting married， having children， owning a home， and retiring in their sixties。 But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life， they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it。