考研英语之所以难是由于文章中到处都充斥着长难句,也就是句子不仅长而且结构复杂。而读懂这些长难句是我们解题的关键之所在。要想读懂,我们得学会去拆分,去识别出句子所包含的重要语法现象,其中关于倒装结构是经常作为考查点而出现的。那么,接下来,由老师重点梳理下相关知识点。
所谓的倒装,是指句子并未按照正常的主谓结构去呈现语序,而是出于语法需要或平衡结构的需要,将谓语或谓语中的一部分移到主语之前。如果是将谓语全部移到主语之前,则为完全倒装;如果是谓语中的一部分前置,则为部分倒装。
一、介词短语作状语位于句首,谓语动词是不及物动词时,句子要完全倒装。
例:In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
二、here, there,now, then开头的句子,句中的谓语动词为不及物动词时,句子要发生完全倒装。
例:Here comes the train! / There goes the bell!
三、表否定的副词或短语位于句首,句子要发生部分倒装。
常见否定副词:not , not only ,few, barely,never , little , seldom , hardly,scarcely, ...
常见表否定的短语:in no way, by no means, at no time, under no circumstance...
例:Little dotheyknow about him.
Seldom doesshe come back on Sundays.
注:not only ... but also ...引导两个并列句,前倒后不倒。
例:Not only doesshe do well in herlessons, but alsoshe often helps others with their lessons.
四、Only+状语(从句)位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。
例:Only then did I realize the importanceof English.
五、so…that结构中的倒装。
如果要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so及它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时,主句要发生部分倒装。
例:倒装前:She runs so fast thatshe is far ahead of others.
倒装后:So fast doesshe run thatshe is far ahead of others.
六、if引导的虚拟条件句中,如有were ( had , should ) , if则可省去,,把were,had,should提到主语前面,发生部分倒装。
例:倒装前Ifwehad come yesterday,wewould have seen him.
倒装后Hadwecome yesterday,wewould have seen him.
七、as引导的让步状语从句,要发生部分倒装。
1.副词置于句首。
例:Much asshelike it (=Althoughshelike it very much), I will not buy it.
2.动词置于句首。
例:Wait aswemay (= Althoughwemay wait), he will not seeus.
3.形容词或名词置于句首。
例:Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.
注:当名词前有形容词修饰时,as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。
例:A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.