2007北京太奇培训学校考研英语强化班授课讲义(十七)
2007 – KY-- 17 内部资料 翻印必究
考研英语议论文写作专题讲座
主题: 考什么类型作文? 怎么写? 用什么句型写? 如何才能写好？
I. The main types of guided writing:
1. 提纲加图画或图表式作文: (2003年考研作文试题)
Directions: Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and
2) point out its implications in our life.]
You should write 160--200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
温室花朵经不起考验
As is shown above, there are two pictures presenting two quite different situations. One shows a pot of flower blooming with vigor under the shielding roof of a greenhouse, while the other depicts the same flower struggling helplessly in the thunderstorm. Obviously, it is doomed to wither away without the protection of the greenhouse. This set of drawings means a lot to us. It teaches us that a flower, which grows in favorable conditions, can’t stand up to the sudden attack of a storm when the roof of the greenhouse is removed.
Traditionally, we Chinese tend to compare a child to a flower in full bloom. Now with the living conditions improving rapidly, most of our children are brought up under the wings of their parents just like flowers cultivated in greenhouses. The adults spare no pains to ensure that their children’s lives will be as comfortable as possible. They try to build their homes into warm nests free of cold, hunger, fear or any form of external threat. Of course, it would be unfair to blame their parents for their painstaking efforts. However, it should be pointed out that their children, while enjoying all the comforts of life, are at the same time deprived of opportunities to face and experience any sorts of challenges and hardships. Whenever they are faced with difficulties, they will feel terrified and helpless and unable to stand up to them.
In short, flowers, reared in a greenhouse, will wither when a thunderstorm strikes, and similarly, children, raised in comfortable nests, will collapse under the weight of life. As a consequence, it is crucial for parents to realize the necessity of exposing their children to difficulties and hardships in life. Only in this way can their children withstand any challenges in the future. (297 words)
注：be doomed to do … 注定；stand up to经得住；compare … to … 把 … 比作；spare no pains to do sth不遗余力做某事；blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人；be deprived of 被剥夺 …；expose … to … 使 … 接触到 …
2. 提纲式作文:
Directions: Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society. But there are still some people who don’t agree with it. There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following
outline.
1. Role of women in modern society
2. Prejudices and discrimination against women
3. My comment
Women play an important part in modern society. Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering. They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories. Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex. In addition, some of them are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men. There are even some businesses which are run completely by women. It is obvious that women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society.
There are, however, still prejudices and discrimination against women in our modern society. In the first place, some people think that many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough. In their eyes, women are the weaker sex – both physically and emotionally. Thus, women can only be suited to the performance of domestic duties. And a woman’s place is within the protective environment of the home. Secondly, they believe that most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males. Finally, they assert that the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only. In a word, men should enjoy more rights than do women.
Personally, I'm firmly standing on the side of those woman right defenders. Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing. (244 words)
3. 规定情景式作文：
Directions: Migrant workers (外地民工) have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. In this part, you are to write an essay of 200 words entitled "The Role of Migrant Workers". You can agree and/or disagree, completely or partially to above statement. But no matter which position you take, you should give sound supporting reasons.
As is known to all, migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. They are an indispensable part of our work force. Most of them work on construction sites. There is no doubt that without migrant workers many of the construction projects would have to be held up for lack of manpower. In addition, a large number of migrant workers are a beneficial factor, which enhances the consumption of food and daily items. This in turn helps to develop food industry and service trades in cities. All these are positive aspects of migrant workers in cities.
However, as a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides”. The same is the case with migrant workers. Firstly, most of them are not well educated and professionally trained. Some of them have had very little schooling. As you know, illiterate people, who are usually ignorant of the law, tend to disturb the peace, endangering social order. Secondly, most of the migrant workers swarm into big cities just to make money. Being illiterate or unskilled, some of them would stop at nothing to get what they are ambitious for. Therefore, they are a potential threat to the peace and stability of society.
In my opinion, in the appraisal of migrant workers, it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything. We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them. (244 words)
注：disturb the peace 扰乱治安。would stop at nothing to do sth. 不择手段做某事。
II. The structure of a paragraph and its development:
1. Structure of a paragraph: topic sentence, developing sentences and concluding sentence.
2. Ways of developing a paragraph:
1) Comparison and contrast (对比法)
2) Cause and effect (因果法)
3) Exemplification (举例法）
4) Generalization and qualification (概述法）
5) Argument (议论法）
III. Some sentence patterns commonly-used in controlled writing :
---描述图画或图表的常用句型：
1. As can be clearly seen from the picture, …. 从这张画中可以清楚地看到，…
译：从这张画中可以清楚地看到，随着国际文化交流的增加，越来越多的外国人渴望访问中国。
As can be clearly seen from the picture, with the increase in cultural exchange among countries, an increasing number of foreigners are eager to visit China.
2. As is shown above，… 正如上面所示，…
译：正如上面所示，有两幅漫画描述了两种完全不同的情景。一幅描绘了人们在努力工作，而另一幅暗示了懒惰导致失败。
As is shown above, there are two cartoons presenting two quite different situations. One depicts people who are working hard, while the other implies that laziness results in failure.
3. What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that… 这是一幅多么生动形象的画啊！它告诉我们…
译：这是一幅多么生动的画啊！它告诉我们，爱就像一盏在黑暗中的油灯, 它照亮了人们的心灵。
What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that love is just like an oil lamp in the dark, which lightens people’s hearts.
4. According to the statistics given in the table, … 根据表中所给的统计数字，…
译：根据表中所给的统计数字，最近5年来旅游者的人数大大增加，2002年达到80,000,000人。
According to the statistics given in the table, the number of tourists has grown greatly, ____________80,000,000 people in 2002.
5. This chart shows that … 这张示意图表明，…
译：这张示意图表明，全世界吸烟者的人数不断上升,占总人口的20%。
This chart shows that the number of smokers continues to climb (=rise), _________________ 20 % of the total population.
6. It is indicated by the graph that … 这张曲线图表示，…
译：这张曲线图表示，某些野生动物物种的灭绝(extinction)与世界人口的猛增密切相关。
It is indicated by the graph that the extinction of some species of wild animals ___________________________ the sharp increase of the world’s population.
7. It can be seen from the statistics (or picture) that … 从这些统计数字(或这张图画)中可以看到，…
译：从这些统计数字(或这张图画)中可以看到，随着城市中汽车数量的不断增加,空气污染和噪音已经成为威胁城市居民生存的主要公害(public hazards)。
It can be seen from the statistics (or picture) that with the rapid increase in the number of cars, air pollution and noise have become the main public hazards threatening the survival of city residents.
8. It is generally believed (或accepted, thought, held) that … 人们普遍认为，…
译：人们普遍认为，各国政府应该采取有力措施来保护森林资源。
It is generally believed that the governments of all countries should ______________________________ to protect forest resources.
9. The picture is thought-provoking, … 这幅画发人深省，…
译：这幅画是发人深省的，它所说明的是我们今天社会普遍存在的一种现象。
The picture is thought-provoking, and what it illustrates is a common phenomenon in our society today.
10. What the drawing describes implies that …… 这张图画所描述的内容暗示了，…
译：这张图画所描述的内容暗示了，我们应该经得住失败的考验。
What the drawing describes implies that we should _______________________ (=withstand) the test of failure.
---关于比较、利弊、优缺点的句型:
1. S + have (or has) a lot of advantages over... (与...相比有许多优点) 译：汽车与自行车相比有许多优点。
2. Compared with …, sb./sth. has/have the advantage of … (有… 方面的长处；... 的优点是 …)
与中国相比，澳大利亚的优点是人口少。 Compared with China, Australia has the advantage of having a small population.
译: 与他们相比，他的优点是会操作电脑。
3. be of great benefit to sb./sth. (对... 有益）
译：你的计算机知识对你将来的工作十分有益。
4. benefit sb/sth. (对...有好处)
译：这家新医院对整个社区有利。
benefit from sth. (由于...而受益)
译：我们将从技术发明中受益。
5. do (a lot of) good to sb. (对... 有许多好处)
译：早晨锻炼对你很有好处。
be good for sb./sth. (对... 有益)
译：蔬菜和水果有利于人的健康。
do damage to sth./damage sth. (对... 造成损坏）
译：这次地震对城市建筑损坏严重。
do harm to sth./harm sth./endanger sth. (对... 有害处）
译：吸烟危害人的健康。
6. be as (not so) good/great as...
译：他做的没有说的好。
7. not so much ...as... (与其说...,不如说...)
人口的迅速增长与其说是由于出生率的上升，还不如说是由于死亡率的下降。
The reason for the rapid increase in population is_________a rise in birth rate____a fall in death rate.
---说明原因的句型:
1. There are two/some good reasons for sth./to do sth. …
生活条件改变的原因有两条。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，我们的经济在迅速发展并且出生率得到了控制。
There are two reasons for the changes in people's living conditions. First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy. Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been put under control.
2. We have two good reasons for/against ...
我们有两条充分理由反对工业不受控制的发展。
We have two good reasons against the uncontrolled development of industry.
3. The reason for...is that + 从句
我们支持“希望工程”的原因是, 许多贫困地区的儿童付不起继续学业的各种费用。
The reason for us to support the “Project Hope” is that many children in poor areas _____________________different kinds of expenses to continue with their schooling.
--- 关于因果关系的句型:
1. 物价上升的原因是需求的增加。The cause of (=reason for) higher prices was an increase in demand.
或: Because the demand has increased, the prices are higher.
或: An increase in demand results in higher prices.
或: The demand has increased. As a result, the prices are higher.
或: If there is an increase in demand, then prices rise.
译：他们取得的成果是由于他们的刻苦努力。
What they have achieved results from their hard (=painstaking) work.
译：由于所有这些因素，政府越来越多地依赖于科学家来安排适当的规划并付诸实践.
As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on scientists for planning appropriate programs and ___________________________.
--表示不同看法的句型:
1. 人们对这个问题的看法各不相同。Different people have (= hold) different opinions (=views) on this question (=problem, matter).
有些人认为 … ；其他人争辩说 … ；还有一些人主张 …
Some believe that ... Others argue that .... Still others maintain that ...
人们对旅游业的看法各不相同。有些人认为，旅游业是浪费金钱和时间。另一些人则争辩说，中国是一个具有5000年历史的文明古国, 并且有自己的传统文化，它和西方文化截然不同。旅游业有助于文化交流和各国人民之间的友谊和了解。我认为，第1种看法是片面的。发展旅游业是非常重要的。各国应该互相了解、互相学习以便促进我们和平和发展的共同事业。
People_______________ their opinions on tourist industry. Some believe that tourism is a waste of money and time. Others argue that China is an ancient civilized nation with a history of 5000 years and has its own traditional culture, which is quite different from that in the western countries. Tourism___________to the cultural exchanges between countries and to the friendship and understanding of the people all over the world. Personally, the first view is one-sided. Tourism is of great importance now. All nations should understand each other and learn from each other to promote our common cause of peace and development. (105 words)
2. 他们的观点各不相同。They are quite different from each other in their opinions.
3. 有些人持这样的观点：孩子少是好事。 Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.
4. 他们对这个问题的态度大相径庭。They think quite differently on this question.
5. 他们对噪音问题的态度截然不同。They differ greatly in their attitudes towards noise problem.
家长和孩子对这个问题的看法不同。家长认为，孩子应努力学习，得到好的学习成绩。而孩子们则认为，他们应该有更多的自由来支配他们的闲暇时间，来安排他们的未来。
Parents and children think differently on this question. Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school. Children, however, maintain that they should have more freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.
---- 表示必须、紧急、有困难做某事的句型:
1. It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable,advisable) for sb. to do sth.
请翻译下列4句：
1) It is inevitable that the natural resources throughout the world are diminishing as the demand for them 在不断增长.
不可避免的是，
2) It is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy 直接相关the efficiency of its industry and agriculture.
显然，
3) It is urgent for the government to take measures to control the birth rate in our country/ to 把沙漠变为良田.
政府迫在眉睫的是
4) It is necessary for us to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas, and other public facilities to 满足the increasing needs of the people.
我们必须建立
2. have trouble/ difficulty/ a hard time/ a difficult time (in) doing sth (有困难做某事)
他很难找到一份满意的工作。 He has trouble finding a satisfactory job.
have trouble with sth. (对...有困难,不好对付) I have some trouble with my English study.
--- 常用谚语 (在议论文中):
1. 常言道，“事物总是一分为二的。” As a popular saying goes, "Every coin has two sides".
2. As a proverb says, "Everything has two sides". On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don't deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides.
3. As a proverb says, " Where there is a will there is a way." （有志者事竟成。）
4. As a popular saying goes, "A man is known by the company he keeps." （观其交友，知其为人。）
5. As is known to all, "No pains, no gains". （没有苦，就没有甜。）
6. It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. （覆水难收。）
7. More haste, less speed. （欲速者不达。）
8. Look before you leap. （三思而后行。）
9. He who laughs last laughs best. （谁最后笑，谁笑得最好。）
--- 辩论中常用的句型:
1. There is no doubt that ... 译：毫无疑问the rapid increase in population 促使 the sharp decrease in the species of wild animals.
2. It is obvious/clear that 爱心是一盏灯, 越黑暗的地方, 它越明亮。
3. 众所周知，中国一贯主张, 国家不管大小, 应该一律平等。As is known to all, China always maintains that all nations should be equal, be they large or small.
4. (It's) no wonder ... (难怪) 译：他不努力工作, 难怪他丢了工作。
5. It goes without saying that ... ( 不成问题, 很自然 ) ：很自然，健康的人比病人幸福。It goes without saying that healthy people are much happier than sick ones.
6. What is more important, we should 保持 ecological balance.
7. I am convinced that only if our society is full of love, tomorrow will be much better and brighter.
8. It is no exaggeration to say … 可以毫不夸张地说，…
--- 举例表示法:
1. For example, the people's economic status has been greatly improved.
2. For instance, the economic status of the people has been improved.
3. Let's have an example. TV sets, refrigerators and recorders have become household necessities.
---结尾句型:
请翻译下列5句中的汉语部分：
1._____________________________(依我看), I am in favor of (or am opposed to) owning a private car.
2._____________________________(就个人而言), I prefer to work in the country rather than in the city.
3._____________________________(总之), parents and children should learn to get through to each other. Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved properly.
4._____________________________(最后), we cannot achieve success without hard work.
5._____________________________(至于我), I agree with the opinion that " No pains no gains."
IV. 作文汉英互译练习:
(1) 提纲式作文
Road Accidents
Directions:
Road accidents are a serious problem in modern life. In this part, you are required to write within 40 minutes a composition of no less than 200 words about road accidents. Your composition should be based on the following outline.
1. Losses caused by road accidents
2. Suggested ways to reduce road accidents
3. My comments
最近5年来道路事故的数目不断上升, 尤其在城市中。 每当发生交通事故, 有关的人员不是受伤就是死亡。它们对国家和受害者的家庭造成了巨大的损失。因此, 迫在眉睫的是, 我们应该采取措施来减少交通事故并确保道路安全。
我想有几个方法可以降低事故率。首先, 政府应该采取积极措施来改善道路状况。例如: 应该投资更多的钱来建造新的公路, 许多又老又窄的城市街道应加宽或重建。其次, 地方当局应该用各种可能的方法来教育人民遵守交通规则。 最后, 行人穿过繁华街道时应小心谨慎。
我认为, 以上所提到的几个方面是避免交通事故所必需的。随着车辆不断地增加，城市道路正变得越来越拥挤。但是假如每个人各尽其责并遵守交通规则, 道路将会变得更安全。我相信，交通状况将会改善，尽管我们还有许多困难要克服。
Road Accidents
In the past five years the number of road accidents has been on the rise in big cities. Whenever they happen, the people involved are either injured or killed. They cause great losses both to the country and to the victims’ families. Therefore, it is urgent that we do something to reduce traffic accidents and make our roads safe.
There are several ways I think to cut down the accident rate. In the first place, the government should take intensive measures to improve road conditions. For example, more funds ought to be invested in building new highways and many of the old narrow streets in cities widened or reconstructed. Secondly, local authorities should educate people in every possible way to comply with traffic regulations. Finally, pedestrians should be very careful whenever crossing busy streets.
In my opinion, the above-mentioned ways are essential to avoid traffic accidents. With the number of cars continuing to rise, the roads in cities are getting more and more crowded. But if everyone does his part and observes traffic rules, the road will be safer to all of us. I trust traffic conditions will be improving though we still have a long way to go. (200 words)
(2) 规定情景式作文
Directions:
Stress is a natural part of modern life. In this part, you are required to write within 40 minutes a composition of no less than 200 words about "Stress in Modern Life" (现代生活中的压力). You are to state briefly the relationship between stress and modern life and the different attitudes towards stress. At the end of your composition you should draw your own conclusion.
众所周知, 压力是日常生活中很自然的事, 并且也无法躲避压力。 随着现代生活的节奏不断加快, 我们从早到晚总是感到忙忙碌碌。而且很难减慢。我们似乎觉得我们周围人人都在拚命干。因此, 不管一个人干什么，他总会感到压力。可见，在竞争社会中压力和生活是影印不离的。
然而, 不同的人对压力的看法不同。有些人认为, 压力并不是通常所认为的坏事。他们的观点是, 某种压力对提供动力和使生活有目的所不可缺少的。 其他人则争辩说, 压力加剧了精力的消耗, 因此危害人的健康。在他们看来, 压力的反面, 即放松, 是身心健康所必不可少的。
就个人而言, 我赞成前一种观点。 当一个人全心投入到他所从事的事业时, 压力是不可能避免的。 依我看, 只有当压力失去控制时, 它才会导致行为失调和身体不适。
Stress in Modern Life
As everyone knows, stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. As the pace of modern life continues to increase, we are always feeling on the go from morning till night. And it is hard to slow down. It seems to us that everyone around us is aggressive. Therefore, whatever one does, he feels under stress all the time. It is clear that stress has much to do with the life in a competitive society.
Different people, however, think of stress quite differently. Some believe that stress is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. They are of the opinion that a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and to give purpose to life. Others argue that stress contributes to one’s mental decline and hence endangers his health. According to them, relaxation, the opposite of stress, is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Personally, I’m in favor of the former view. I think it is impossible to avoid stress when one is entirely devoted to the career he pursues. In my opinion, it is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
注：be on the go 忙碌。(207 words)
(3) 图画、漫画或图表式作文
Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the drawing,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) support your view with examples.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
终点又是新的起点
As the picture given above depicts, a runner, summoning up his last ounce of strength, is dashing to the finishing line, hot sweat rolling from his forehead. He is overjoyed to have won the race. Besides, on both sides of the line are written two big words in Chinese: Scratch and Finish.
What does the author of the drawing intend to tell us? In my opinion, by the picture he means that what one has achieved so far is merely a new starting point for what he is going to do next.
There are a lot of examples to support my view. The most obvious one is the discovery of the radioactive element radium, which stands for the successful result of Curie’s research work. Yet it is just a good beginning of the scientific study on atomic energy. Let us take another example to illustrate the view. We have achieved great success in rural reforms, which has greatly raised the living standards of farmers in the country. But it serves only as the starting point for pushing forward urban reforms in a comprehensive way. A third example is the successful return of Shenzhou 5 spaceship, which marks the triumphant end of the launch. At the same time it has created a new era for China’s space exploration. It is obvious that the finish of one thing signifies a new scratch of another. (232 words)
Notes: summon up 鼓起，鼓足；last ounce of 最后一点；Scratch and Finish 起点和终点； stand for象征着；push forward推进。
Directions:
In this part, you are to write an essay of about 200 words within 40 minutes. Your essay should cover all the information provided in the bar charts and meet the requirements below.
1. Interpret the pictures above.
2. Give your reasons for the increase in population.
3. Draw your own conclusion.
根据图中所给的数字, 从人类生活的初期到 1830年地球人口达到了10亿。 那表明至少有 200万年的时间间隔。后来世界人口迅速增长, 到 1930 年达到 20 亿。到 1960 年又增加了 10亿, 其间只有 30年时间, 从那时起, 全球人口一直在上升, 1975年总计为 40亿, 只有 15年又增加了 10亿。
我认为, 世界人口据增的原因至少有三点。首先, 在许多国家, 尤其是发展中国家出生率持续上升。 一般来说, 那里的人持有这样的看法, 孩子们费不了多少钱, 当孩子长大工作了, 就能挣钱, 当父母亲老了, 孩子们会照料他们。 其次, 有些不发达国家结婚年龄在下降，这也促使了人口的上升。最后，许多发达国家中的死亡率稳步下降, 因为人民生活水平提高了, 卫生保健改善了。
依我看, 人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升, 还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善使死亡率下降了。
According to the figures given in the bar charts, it took from the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then the world population increased rapidly, reaching two billion in 1930. The next billion was added to it by 1960, only thirty years. From then on the global population was on the rise, amounting to 4 billion in 1975, which was another billion people in only 15 years.
There are at least three reasons, I think, for the sharp increase in world population. In the first place, the birth rate continues to climb in many countries, especially in developing ones. Generally speaking, people there hold the opinion that children don’t cost much and when they get old enough to work they will bring in money and that when parents are old, they will take care of them. Secondly, the marriage age in some of the underdeveloped countries is going down, which also contributes to the rise in population there. Finally, the death rate in most developed countries declines steadily because people’s standards of living are raised and health care improves.
In my opinion, the chief reason for the population growth is not so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care. (229 words)
V. 硕士研究生英语入学考试短文写作的基本模式: (仅供参考，使用时务必根据命题要求做相应调整!)
(一) 描述图表性议论文
As is shown in the picture, .... From the picture we can also see that ... According to the information conveyed by the picture, we can deduce that … It is clear that the picture implies … because we tend to (do) …
There are at least two good reasons for this phenomenon. On the one hand, ... Let’s have an example to illustrate it. On the other hand, ... is due to the fact that ... In addition, ... is responsible for ... Maybe there are some other reasons to show ... But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.
As far as I am concerned , ... So my conclusion is that ... I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded. (114 words)
(二) 一般性议论文
As is known to all, it is important to be /do... I think the measures we need to take are as follows. For one thing, ...... For another, .... Let's take ... for example … From what I have mentioned above we can see that without ... we cannot ...... It is obvious that ... plays an important part in ...
Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter. Some people think that ... According to them, all of us should ... Others argue that ... In their opinion, nobody can ... without ...
It seems to us that compared with the first standpoint, the second one is much more reasonable …. There is no doubt that ... As a consequence, ...
In short, I firmly support the view that ... It is because ... So my conclusion is that .... (123 words)
(三) 应用文格式示例
1. A letter of application (申请信)
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m writing to you to inquire if there would be any position available for me to work as an English teacher in your department. Please allow me to give you my brief reference. …
…
I’m looking forward to your kind early reply. (or Your kind early reply would be very much appreciated.) If you need any further information, please feel free to contact me.
Many thanks.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
2. A letter of complaint (投诉信)
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to you to complain of the X Chemical Works, which seriously pollutes the city environment. The major problems are as follows. In the first place, … Secondly, … Finally, …. As a result, ….
I think several urgent measures should be taken to solve the problems. On the one hand, … On the other hand, …
It is my sincere hope that the pollution problems caused by the works will be looked into thoroughly and solved as soon as possible. I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Thanks.
Yours truly,
Li Ming
注意：考试中的书信作文重在测试考生的书面表达能力，而不是书信的格式，因此试题往往只要求考生写出正文部分。书信作文的命题形式一般是给出英语或汉语的写作提纲或其它指令性要求。请参考今年试题的命题形式和要求。
写作能力培养的途径：1. 总结“复习指导”一书中“写作”一章内近5年考研写作参考作文的基本框架、结构和常用句型。 2. 准备一个小本随时记录所读到的优秀句子、句型，并经常背记。 3. 对照参考作文的英汉文本，总结两种语言在表达同一思想时的异同，然后朗读、背记。4. 改写（加长或缩短）书中或讲义中的参考作文，注意段落结构。
阅读欣赏 经济英语
In this article: China’s negotiations to re-enter GATT(关贸总协定) reached a climax（高潮）as the important Uruguay round (乌拉圭回合) of world trade negotiations was concluded and the new WTO was set up. This article is an interview with the retired Director-General (总干事) of GATT, Mr Peter Sutherland, whose term finished on December 31, 1994. Mr Sutherland is credited with (被誉为) being a key figure in bringing the Uruguay round negotiations to a successful conclusion. In this interview, which Mr Sutherland gave especially to Terry Snow of the New Zealand Listener (新西兰知音杂志) for the World of English, he talks about GATT, the new WTO, the principles of negotiation and China’s place in the world trade system.
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