2007北京太奇培训学校考研英语强化班授课讲义(七)

2007 – KY-- 7 内部资料 翻印必究

I. Use of English (Cloze)

    Television is different from other media in some important ways. The television set is___1___ in the average American home more than six and a half hours a day. Children are born into a new symbolic environment and grow up ___2___ thousands of stories told by television each year. There is no longer any need to go  ___3___ of the home—to church, to school—or to learn to read in order to encounter the broader culture. The ritualistic ___4____ of the activity and the quantity of time children and adolescents spend watching television makes it a historically unprecedented phenomenon. We assume that there might be ___5___ unprecedented consequences.

    Some claim that television has created a brighter, more ____6___ generation, with greater knowledge of the people and the cultures of the world. Some ___7___ television can stimulate reading, increase vocabulary, expand general knowledge, and help ____8___ critical faculties.

    Many who view the medium’s effects as ___9____ tend to be far more vocal, outspoken, and adamant（坚定不移的） about their position. To support their case, they are likely to ____10____ research studies or reports of those studies, which often exaggerate or sensationalize the data. Some of these critics point to ___11___ social developments, such as the steady decline in school performance and the ___12___ of millions of functionally illiterate adults. Critics note that the longer we live with television, the ___13___ these situations become. Similarly, veteran teachers complain about pupils with short attention spans, ___14___ frames of reference seem entirely determined by television. There is no potential source of these ills as easy to ___15___ for the blame as television.    (267 words)

 1. A. nearby   B. open        C. up      D. on
 2. A. watching   B. digesting          C. absorbing       D. hearing
 3. A. outdoor           B. exterior              C. outside        D. external
 4. A. essence           B. nature             C. character       D. feature
 5. A. fairly            B. equally             C. similarly        D. evenly
 6. A. aware             B. awake          C. conscious       D. knowing
 7. A. debate            B. indicate           C. quarrel         D. argue
 8. A. learn             B. progress           C. develop         D. acquire
 9. A. different         B. opposing            C. contrary        D. negative
10. A. quote              B. take            C. cite            D. extract
11. A. frightening      B. bothering        C. changing       D. troubling
12. A. existence        B. exertion         C. expansion       D. endurance
13. A. better           B. worse              C. more serious       D. weaker
14. A. which               B. whose               C. whom               D. of which
15. A. target               B. aim              C. look              D. find

II. 选择搭配题

Directions:

    You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A—F for each numbered subheading (41—45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.  (10 points)

    The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar“tombstone”that lists where you went to school and where you’ve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the“functional”resume — descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.

    It’s handy to have a“tombstone”for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequested“tombstone”lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.

    What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read — a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers.

41. Put yourself first:

   In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.

42. Sell what you can do, not who you are:

    Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.

Toot your own horn!

    Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch — if only you show it.

43. Be specific, be concrete, and be brief!

    Remember that “brevity is the best policy.”

44. Turn bad news into good:

    Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side.

45. Never apologize:

    If you’re returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph (summary of background) in place of a chronology of experience. Don’t apologize for working at being a mother; it’s the hardest job of a11. If you have no special training or higher education, just don’t mention education.

    The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Don’t worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments (leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills etc.) Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before you’re ready to show it to a stranger (friends are usually too kind) for a reaction. When you’re satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right.

    Isn’t that the kind of person you’d want working for you?

[A] A woman who lost her job as a teacher’s aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote: “Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher’s aide she would rehire if government funds became available.”

[B] One resume I received included the following: “invited by my superior to straighten out our organization’s accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 per cent. Rewarded with raise and promotion.” Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her reward -- all in 34 words.

[C] For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money management skills.

[D] An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement “Ready to learn though not so well educated.”

[E] One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote three resumes in three different styles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.

[F] A woman once told me about a cash-flow crisis her employer had faced. She’d agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasn’t in her resume. She answered, “It wasn’t important.” What she was really saying of course was “I’m not important.”

(课外作业，下次课给答案)

    Directions: You are going to read a text about For better or Worse but Not for Lunch l, followed by a list of statements.

    Choose the best statement from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra statement which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

    “For better or worse but not for lunch” is not a laughing matter for our friend Sue. “When Elliot retired, he spent the first week reorganizing my kitchen and putting all my canned goods and spices in alphabetical order,” Sue said. “This wasn’t the kind of togetherness I wanted!”

    One challenge of retirement is managing all that extra time together. If you have just retired—or are contemplating retirement—here are some tips to start out right.

(41) Make a plan.

(42) Talk it out.

(43) Balance times together and times apart.

(44) Learn to work together and share responsibility.

(45) Serve others.

[A] Too much togetherness can be too much. You need some personal space. But you also need to reconnect.
[B] Share your expectations with each other. Let go of unrealistic expectations and accept each other as a packaged deal. If you keep the communication lines open and positive, you can foster a loving spirit of cooperation.
[C] Divide up the work so you are both contributing. For instance, at the Arps. Dave does the dishes and is affectionately called the kitchen elf. In the morning, Claudia gets up and has a hot pot of coffee ready for Dave, who isn’t the morning person.
[D] Realize that change is coming and greet it with a spirit of adventure. Be willing to try new things.
[E] It’s time to celebrate! Anything goes, from dinner at your favorite restaurant to climbing a mountain together or taking a cruise.
[F] Retirement offers you the opportunity to make a difference in your world by serving others. Consider volunteering at your church or local ministry, or becoming marriage mentors for younger couples.

III. English-Chinese Translation  

    In the two decades between 1929 and 1949, sculpture in the United States sustained what was probably the greatest expansion in sheer technique to occur in many centuries. There was, first of all, the incorporation of welding into sculptural practice, with the result that it was possible to form a new kind of metal object. 1) For sculptors working with metal, earlier restricted to the dense solidity of the bronze cast, it was possible to add a type of work assembled from paper-thin metal sheets or sinuously curved rods. Sculpture could take the form of a linear, two-dimensional frame and still remain physically self-supporting. Along with the innovation of welding came a correlative departure: freestanding sculpture that was shockingly flat.

    Yet another technical expansion of the options for sculpture appeared in the guise of motion. 2) The individual parts of a sculpture were no longer understood as necessarily fixed in relation to one another, but could be made to change position within a work constructed as a moving object; motorizing the sculpture was only one of many possibilities taken up in the 1930’s. Other strategies for getting the work to move involved structuring it in such a way that external forces, like air movements or the touch of a viewer, could initiate motion. 3) Movement brought with it a new attitude towards the issue of sculptural unity: a work might be made of widely diverse and even discordant elements; their formal unity would be achieved through the arc of a particular motion completing itself through time.

    Like the use of welding and movement, the third of these major technical expansions to develop in the 1930’s and 1940’s addressed the issues of sculptural materials and sculptural unity. 4) But its medium for doing so was the found object and item not intended for use in a piece of artwork, such as a newspaper or metal pipe. To create a sculpture by assembling parts that had been fabricated originally for a quite different context did not necessarily involve a new technology. 5) But it did mean a change in sculptural practice, for it raised the possibility that making sculpture might involve more a conceptual shift than a physical transformation of the material from which it is composed.                          (377 words)

    Notes: sculpture雕塑，雕刻； with the result that 因此；correlative 相关的，关联的；呼应的；sinuously 弯曲地，曲线地；linear 线型的；guise 外观，外形；motorize 给…装发动机。

IV. Writing Practice

Directions:

    You are planning to start a new training program and are in need of some information on textbooks. Write a letter to the circulation department of a publishing company to:

    1) ask for relevant information about the books you want,

    2) inform the company of your plan for the books,

    3) ask for additional materials.

Letter of Request

Dear Sir / Madam

    I would appreciate it very much if you would send me some information about the textbook Practice, Plan and Write, which your company published last year. I would like to know how much the book costs, 每周计划上几个小时的课, and whether a teacher's manual is available. 我正在考虑把这一课本用在我们成人英语教学计划中。

    除了上述信息，能否请您寄给我有关英语作为第二语言的课本目录。

    I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours faithfully,

Li Ming

作业：

1. 认真复习本单元内容。
2. 注意完形填空的命题思路和应试对策。
3. 复习英译汉材料，注意长难句的语法结构分析。
4. 做“复习指导”中的相关练习。

赠言：荣誉与安逸很少两得。（Honor and ease are seldom bed-fellows.）

选择搭配题参考译文 (课外练习)

    对我们的朋友休来说,“同甘共苦，不为午餐”可不是一件闹着玩的事。“艾利奥特退休后，用第一个星期来重组我的厨房， 把所有的灌装物品和调味品按字母顺序排列摆放，”休说，“这可不是我所祈求的那种患难与共！”

    退休后面临的一个挑战就是共同安排好所有的空余时间。如果你们刚刚退休—─或正打算退休—─这里有一些马上可以采用的小建议。

    制定一个计划。认识到生活将要发生改变并以一种进取的精神来迎接它。 乐于尝试新事物。

    通过讨论消除分歧。分享彼此的期望。排除不切实际的期望并一揽子接受彼此。如果你们保持积极沟通，你们就能培养出一种亲密合作的精神。

    均衡聚散时光。相聚过多可能会令人不快。你们彼此需要有个人的空间。当然你们也需要再沟通。

    学着分工合作和共担责任。分工合作对你们双方都有所帮助。例如：在阿尔普家。戴夫负责洗刷餐具并被亲切地称为厨房小精灵。 早晨，克劳迪娅一起床就为戴夫准备好一壶热咖啡，戴夫不是个早起的人。

    为他人服务。退休为你们提供了机会，使你们的生活通过为他人服务而有所不同。可考虑志愿参加教堂或当地政府部门的一些活动，或者成为年轻夫妇们在婚姻生活方面的良师益友。

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