Text  2   Word  Study

1.slack adj. 1)松的，松驰的，宽松的：A rope is slack if it hasn’t been pulled tight. (如果一根绳子没有拉紧，那它是松的。)  2)松懈的，马虎的：A slack person is one who does things carelessly. (一个马虎的人是一个做事粗枝大叶的人。)  3)缓慢的：The horse was moving at a slack pace. (这匹马以缓慢的步伐走着。)  4) 生意清淡，萧条：Business is slack at this season. (在这个季节生意清淡萧条。)  vt. 1)放松；使缓慢：Slack the rope before trying to unite the knot. (在试图打结之前请把这条绳子放松。)  The train slacked off it speed as it came into the station. (这列火车进站时，它放慢了速度。)  2) vi.马虎，懈怠：He was scolded for slacking. (他由于马虎而挨骂。)

2.outrage vt. (=shock or offend sb.; upset greatly) 震骇；触犯；使气愤：outrage public opinion 违反民意。They were outraged by the announcement of massive price increases. (物价大幅上涨的消息一公布，他们气愤填膺。)  n. 1)残暴行为，罪行：The use of H-bombs would be an outrage against humanity. (使用氢弹是反人类的残暴行为。)  2)愤怒：The farmers felt outrage at the attack on their villages. (农民们对进攻他们的村庄感到愤怒。)   同根词outrageous adj. 愤怒的；残暴的；令人反感的：outrageous behavior令人愤怒的行为。

3.all too 实在太：The holidays were all too short.（假期实在太短了。） The day passed all too quickly.（这天过得实在太快了。）

4.grieve vi./vt. 悲痛，难过；伤心：I shall not grieve at his death. (他死我不会悲痛。)  I was grieved to see the change in my old friend. (我伤心地看到我老朋友的这种变化。)  grief  n. 悲痛；悲痛的事：My mother is overcome with grief. (我母亲悲痛欲极。)   His wild behavior was a grief to his parents. (他的粗野行为使他父母很伤心。)  同根词grievous adj. 令人悲痛的；极严重的。 grievance n. 不满意见，苦情，牢骚；抱怨不平：He won’t listen to our grievance.

5.above all (=most important)最重要的。

6.exchange 交换；交流：to exchange experience 交流经验。to exchange views交流观点看法。exchange… for…把…换成…：Where can I exchange dollars for pounds? (我在哪里能把美元换成英镑？)  exchange … with 和…交换：He exchanged seats with me. (他与我交换座位。)  n. 交换；交流：a secret exchange of messages 秘密交换信息。foreign exchange reserves外汇储备。词组：in exchange for 作为交换：I took his watch in exchange for my camera. (我拿了他的手表换我的相机。)

7.in return for 作为…的回报；以答谢：I’m sending him a present in return for all his kindness to us. (我将寄给他一件礼品以答谢他对我们的好意。)

8.adjoin vt. 与…相邻。markedly 显着地，明显地。toss vt. (=throw sth. lightly)轻扔，掷。induce vt. (=persuade or influence sb to do sth.)引诱，诱发，诱惑。stem from (=come from)来自。as yet (=so far) 至今。

Text  3   Word Study

precede vi./ vt. 在…之前，在…前面：The Greek civilization preceded the Roman one. (希腊文明先于罗马文明。)  2) They came into the room preceded by a small dog. (一条小狗在前面，他们走进房间。)  3) A major precedes a captain. (少校的职位比大尉高。)  4) He preceded his speech with a warning against inattention. (他讲话以前先警告听众不要心不在焉。)

同根词： precedence n. 时间上在前。用于成语：give precedence over 给予优先地位: This task must be given precedence over all others. (这项任务应放在其它所有任务之前。)  take precedence over 比…重要：Some say Shakespeare takes precedence over all other writers. (有人说，莎士比亚的地位比其他所有作家高。)

precedent n. 先例：If he is allowed to do this, it will be a precedent for others. (如果允许他这样做，那对于其他人来说是个先例。) 用于成语：set a precedent 开…的先例: She set a precedent as the first woman executive in the company. (她开了先例当公司的首任经理。)  without precedent 没有先例：It is something without precedent in history.

preceding adj. 前面的：I remember the war but nothing of the preceding years. (我记得这场战争，但对战前岁月记忆中荡然无存。) precedented：有先例的；unprecedented 史无前例的，空前的。

Text  4   Word Study

1. by a … margin 以…之差：1) We won the game by a large/narrow margin.  2) He won the election by only one vote margin. (他只靠一票之差赢了这次选举。)

2. make a splash 引人注目，引起轰动：She has made quite a splash in literary circles with her first book. （她的第一本书在文学界大为轰动。）

3. earn one’s keep 挣钱养活自己：When you earn your keep, you will be able to do many things that your parents cannot afford to let you do now. (等你自己挣钱时，你就可以做许多目前你父母没有力量同意你做的事。)

  earn one’s living (=earn one’s livelihood) 挣钱糊口，谋生。

4. lean vi/vt. 倚，靠；倾，倾斜： 1) He leaned against the wall. (他背靠着墙。)  2) They came to Pisa and saw the leaning

tower. (他们来到比萨并看到了斜塔。)  3) Lean your head on my shoulder. (把你的头靠在我的肩上。)

同根词：leaning n. 倾向，偏好: 1) Their leanings are towards education for everyone. 2) He has a leaning towards music.

lean adj. 瘦而肌肉结实的；贫乏的；歉收的：a lean horse; lean crops (歉收)；a lean year (荒年)；a lean staff (人员单薄)。

5. on the chance of (或that) 怀着…的希望，期望…：1) Go ahead with the printing on the chance that no major correction may prove necessary. （开印吧，希望将来不需要有重大的勘误。）  2) I’ll call at his office on the chance of seeing him before he leaves. （我将到他办公室去拜访他，希望能在他下班前见到他。）

6. take pride in … 以…而自豪：1) Don’t take pride in your son.  2) He took (a) great pride in being a member of the club.

  pride oneself on sth./doing sth. 以…而自豪：She prides herself on her skill as a gardener.     

II. Writing                                                                      

Directions: Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should

1)describe the photos briefly,

2)interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and

3)give your point of view.

You should write 160 – 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

    多么生动的照片啊！一幅照片展现了一个年轻人的脸，脸上写着贝克汉姆的名字；另一幅照片描绘了同样令人不安的情境，一位青年花300元理个发，就是为了模仿贝克汉姆的发式。显然，作者打算提醒我们，这些青年人多么狂热地崇敬他们的偶像。

    这些照片确实发人深省。我不由得把它们与另一个热门词“超女”联系起来，在2005年“超女”这个词几乎风靡全国。这些照片是镜子，反映了年轻人渴望成功，犹如他们的偶像。最近几年来，随着中国经济稳步增长，年轻人享受到了物质上的富裕，但是这并不总是意味着精神上的满足。相反，他们中很多人越来越沉溺于追求毫无意义的事。他们仿效他们偶像的行为：如何看上去酷、如何寻找欢乐，甚至如何与记者捉迷藏。他们羡慕他们的偶像已经飞黄腾达，然而却从来不看一看偶像们攀登通向成功的荆棘之路。

    依我看，很显然，这种狂热对年轻人颇为有害。现在该是教育年轻人如何正确敬仰偶像。每个教育机构的责任是号召年轻人学会成功之道：成功总是来自于刻苦努力。

    What vivid pictures! One presents a young man’s face, on which the name Beckham is painted, and the other depicts an equally disturbing situation, where a teenager spends 300 yuan on his haircut simply because he wants to follow Beckham’s hairstyle. Obviously, the drawer intends to remind us how crazily these youngsters are adoring their icons.
    
    The pictures really set me thinking. I cannot help associating them with another hot word “supergirl”, which almost swept over every Chinese in the year 2005. They are mirrors, reflecting how eager the youth are to succeed like their icons. In recent years, with China’s steady economic growth, the youngsters have enjoyed material abundance, which, however, does not always mean spiritual satisfaction. On the opposite, many of them find themselves increasingly indulged in pursuing meaningless things. They imitate whatever their icons do: how to look cool, how to look for fun, and even how to play hide-and-seek with reporters. They envy how successful their icons have become, yet they never take a look at the thorny road, along which, their icons climb up to success.

    Personally, I hold it self-evident that this kind of craziness will do great harm to the youth. It is high time that they were taught how to adore icons properly. It is the responsibility of every educational institution to call upon the youth to learn one thing about success: success always results from hard work. (237 words)

Notes: icon圣像，偶像。adore vt. (=love deeply and respect sb. highly) 钟爱，敬爱。

背记重点词语汉英对照：1. 一个…；而另一个…：One … ; the other …。 2. 仿效某人的榜样/衣着和谈吐：follow one’ example/dress and discourse。  3. 发人深省：set people thinking。 4. cannot help associating  … with…：不由自主地把…与…联系起来。 5. 渴望做某事：be eager to do sth. (=desire/long to do sth.)。  6. 相反：on the opposite。 7. 仿效，模仿：imitate，follow, model oneself after/on。  8. 沉溺于：indulge oneself in sth. or in doing sth.。  9. 对某人有害： do harm to sb.  10. 该到…时侯了：It is high time that sb. did sth.。