Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Disposing of computers, monitors, printers and mobile phones is a large and growing environmental problem. Some 20m-50m tons of “ewaste” is produced each year, most of which ends up in the developing world. In July 2006 new rules came into force in both Europe and California to oblige the industry to take responsibility for it. 46) In Europe the Restriction of Hazardous Substances(RoHS) directive limits the use of many toxic materials in new electronic products sold in the European Union, whereas in California mobilephone retailers must now take back and recycle old phones.
Many technology firms are already eliminating certain chemicals and offering recycling schemes to help their customers dispose of obsolete equipment. 47) Yet there is a wide variation in just how green different companies are, according to Greenpeace, an environmental lobby group that launched a new ewaste campaign in August 2006. It has ranked the top mobilephone and PCmakers based on their progress in eliminaling chemicals and in taking back and recycling products.
The RoHS rules ban products containing any more than trace amounts of lead, mercury, cadmium and other hazardous substances, including some nasty materials called brominated flameretardants(BFRs). 48) To do well in Greenpeaces rankings, firms must make sure both products and production processes are free of polyvinyl chloride(PVC) and some BFRs that are not on the RoHS list. Greenpeace also wants companies to adopt a “precautionary principle” and avoid chemicals if their environmental impact is uncertain.
Although not everyone agrees with Greenpeaces methodology, its ranking still has some merit. Nokia does well: the worlds biggest handsetmaker has already got rid of PVC from its products and will eliminate all BFRs from next year. But, Greenpeace grumbles, it is not sufficiently “precautionary” in other areas. 49) Dell, however, scores well in this regard and on recycling, but loses marks for not having phased out PVC and BFRs yet, though it has set a deadline for doing so.
Perhaps the biggest surprise is the poor rating of Apple. The company insists that it has a strong record in recycling and has eliminated BFRs and PVC from the main plastic parts in its products. 50) It scores badly because it has not eliminated such chemicals altogether, has not set time limits for doing so, does not provide a full list of regulated substances and is insufficiently precautionary for Greenpeaces tastes. As for recycling, the 9,500 tons of electronics Apple says it has recycled since 1994 is slight given the amount of equipment the firm sells, says Greenpeace. Alas for Apple, whatever the pros and cons(advantages and disadvantages) of Greenpeaces ranking criteria, consumers are likely to be influenced by it anyway.
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a letter to the Economics School of a famous university, asking for the details about the entrance test for MA.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address.(10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following picture. In your essay, you should
1) describe the picture briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) make your comments and suggestions.
答案与解析：
Model Test 1
Section Ⅰ Use of English
1. ［答案］ \[B\] imposing
［解析］ 由所给出的选项可知，此处需一现在分词作伴随状语，相当于次要谓语，说明“地球表面有限”与“绝对资源短缺”的关系。据此判断，［B］“强加(带来，造成)”表明这种“绝对短缺”是一种自然状况，是我们无法改变的，用在此处最恰当。
［A］“组／构成”，［C］“暴露；揭示”，［D］“安排；处理”，四个词的词根相同，词义各异，形成双重干扰。
2. ［答案］ \[A\] uses
［解析］ 仅从与介词“in”的搭配上看，四个选项皆可用，但据其下文看，涉及的都是资源的应用问题，故此题答案非［A］“用法；用途”莫属。
［B］“方法／式”，［C］“领域”，［D］“形式”，均不合文意。
3. ［答案］ \[D\] if
［解析］ 上句说明了“相对资源短缺”的一个意义。此句则解释它的另一意义：投入资源的数量是有限的，它用于制造某种产品上的数量增加，必然导致在其他应用上的减少。由此判断，［D］“如果”表示一般条件，为正确答案。
［A］“由于；既然”，［B］“如果……不；除非”，［C］“因为”，皆不合句意逻辑。
4. ［答案］ \[C\] process
［解析］ 由上题的分析可知，此题答案应是［C］“过程”：manufacturing process 意指“制造／生产某物的过程”。
［A］“工厂”，［B］“公司”，［D］“程序”，皆不适用。
5. ［答案］ \[B\] in terms of
