fact they don’t seem to be required of all

　　The researchers' argument stems from a simple obserrating about social influence with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primanrilly a function of media not interpersonal influence-enen the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others Yet it is precisely these non-celebring influentials who according to the two-step-flow theoryare supposed to drive social enidemics by influcenciny their friends and colleagues directly .For a social epidemic to occur however each person so sffected must then influcence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs and so on and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the casecade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people。

　　Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s abilify to influence others and their tendence to be

　　31. By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to

　　[A] analyze the consequences of social epid emics

　　[B] discuss influentials’ funcition in spreading ideas

　　[C] exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics

　　[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials

　　32. The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”

　　[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems

　　[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends

　　[C] has won support from influentials

　　[D] requires solid evidence for its validity

　　33. what the researchers have observed recenty shows that

　　[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions

　　[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media

　　[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public

　　{D}most celebritiea enjoy  wide media  attention

　　34.the  underlined  phrase  “these people”in  paragraph  4 refers to the  ones who

　　{A}stay outside the network of social influence

　　{B}have little contact with the source of influence

　　{C}are  influenced and then influence others

　　{D} are  influenced by the  initial  influential

　　34.what is the essential slement in the dynamics of social influence?

　　{A}The eageiness to be accepted

　　{B}The impulse to influence others

　　{C}The resdiness to be influenced

　　{D}The inclination to rely on others

　　Text  4

　　Bankers have been blaming themselves for their  troubles  in public .Behind eht scenes,they have been taking aim at someone else the accounting standard-setters.Their rules,moan the banks,have forced them to report enormous losses,and it’s just not fair.These rules say they must value some assets at the price atheird party would pay,not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch。