The word “plummeting”(Line 3， Para。 2) is closest in meaning to 。
[A] stabilizing
[B] changing
[C] falling
[D] rising
According to Paragraph 3， the use of renewable energy in America 。
[A] is progressing notably
[B] is as extensive as in Europe
[C] faces many challenges
[D] has proved to be impractical
It can be learned that in Iowa， 。
[A] wind is a widely used energy source
[B] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy
[D] there is a shortage of clean energy supply
Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?
[A] Its application has boosted battery storage。
[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing。
[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality。
[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult。
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____。
[A] will bring the USA closer to other countries。
[B] will accelerate global environmental change。
[C] is not really encouraged by the USA government。
[D] is not competitive enough with regard to its cost。
Text 3
The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $l3.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service， which doesn‘t have any physical product at all。 What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives。
Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities， but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through。 Even without knowing what was in the messages， the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be。 What political journalist， what party whip， would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Therea May‘s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns， but the records of which customers have purchased what。
Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power。 But it is clumsy。 For one thing， it is very slow compared to the pace of Change within the digital economy。 By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace， to be replaced by new abuses of power。 But there is a deeper conceptual problem， too。 Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don‘t pay for them。 The users of their Services are not their customers。 That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google， the two virtual giants， dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies。
The product they‘re selling is data， and we， the users， convert our lives to date for the benefit of the digital giants。 Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew the produce when they feed， so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield。 Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spamme out of our inboxes。 It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship， even if both sides benefit。
According to Paragraph 1， Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its 。
[A] digital products
[B] user information
[C] physical assets
[D] quality service
Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may 。
[A] worsen political disputes
[B] mess up customer records
[C] pose a risk to Facebook users
[D] mislead the European commission
According to the author， competition law 。
[A] should sever the new market powers
[B] may worsen the economic imbalance
[C] should not provide just one legal solution
[D] cannot keep pace with the changing market
Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because 。
[A] they are not defined as customers
[B] they are not financially reliable
[C] the services are generally digital
[D] the services are paid for by advertisers
The ants analogy is used to illustrate 。
[A] a win-win business model between digital giants
[B] a typical competition pattern among digital giants
[C] the benefits provided for digital giants ’customers
[D] the relationship between digital giants and their users
Text 4
To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy， Cal Newport， author of Deep Work： Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World， recommends building a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction。
There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moment of deep work when you can throughout the day。 Whichever approach， the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it。
Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time。 “At any given point， I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next mouth。 Once on the calendar， I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”， he writes。
Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day – in particular how we craft our to-do lists。 Tim Harford， author of Messy： The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives， points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups： some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail， day by day。
While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks， they were wrong： the detailed daily plans demotivated students 。Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective， while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results。
In order to make the most of our focus and energy， we also need to embrace downtime， or as Newport suggests， “be lazy”。
“Idleness is not just a vacation， an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body …”[idleness]is， paradoxically， necessary to getting any work done，” he argues。
Srini Pillay， an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School， believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the may our brains operate。 When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task， they tend to be more efficient。
“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain，” says Pillay。
The key to mastering the art of deep work is to 。
[A] keep to your focus time
[B] list your immediate tasks
[C] make specific daily plans
[D] seize every minute to work
The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that 。
[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency。
[B] daily schedules are indispensable to studying
[C] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
[D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
According to Newport， idleness is 。
[A] a desirable mental state for busy people。
[B] a major contributor to physical health
[C] an effective way to save time and energy
[D] an essential factor in accomplishing any work
Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused 。
[A] can result in psychological well-being
[B] can bring about greater efficiency
[C] is aimed at better balance in work
[D] is driven by task urgency
This text is mainly about 。
[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life
[B] approaches to getting more done in less time
[C] the key to eliminating distractions
[D] the cause of the lack of focus time
Part B
Directions：
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45)。 There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use。 Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET。 (10 points)
Just say it
Be present
Pay a unique compliment
Name， places， things
Find the “me too”s
Skip the small talk
Ask for an opinion
Five ways to make conversation with anyone
Conversations are links， which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link。
