同等学力申硕英语指南--辨别改错(六)

  不详 /2005-10-23

例句:
  There is a real possibility (A) that (B) these animals could (C) be frightened, there should (D) be a loud moise. 
  (答案:D should there,虚拟条件句省略if) 
  Suddenly, Gallup's name was on everyone's lips (A)not only he was (B) the prophet of the moment, but (C) it was generally believed that he had founded a new (D) and most important method of prediction.(1996年考题) 
  (答案:B was he, not only置于分句首,谓语动词应倒装) 
  Little did we expected (A) that he would (B) fulfil (C) his task so rapidly (D) . 
  (答案:A expect,前面已有助动词did) 
  Many people take it (A) for granted (B) that the more one has children (C) , the more secure one's late years (D) will be. 
  (答案:C children one has, the more…the more结构) 
  However (A) he tried hard (B) , he still (C) failed in (D) the entrance exam. 
  (答案:B移至however之后) 
  Why should he (A) have gone (B) to the free trade zone I don't know;but he did go (C) , remaining (D) away the whole day. 
  (答案:A he should,疑问词引导名词性从句) 
  [辨错思路]
  1.如果两个句子之间没有连接词而使其构成并列或从属结构,就要分析一下其中之一是否是省略了if采用倒装的虚拟条件句。
  2.如果试题句子起首部分出现了某些要求倒装结构的词语,则应进一步观察句内结构是否已按规则调整。
  3.切记however, no matter how, more几个词的共性是修饰语,必须放在所修饰的词前面,决不能将它们与所修饰的词分开。
  4.以wh-开头的句子不都是疑问句(可以通过标点符号判断),而恰恰更多的是名词性从句,语序应为陈述句语序。
  5.注意观察已倒装结构中谓语动词在人称、数上是否与主语一致,时态是否与句子所提供的时间概念吻合。
  [改错要领]
  熟悉下列出现在句首、要求句子结构倒装的词和句型是做好此类试题的关键。
  1.以否定词和具有否定意义的词组开头的句子:
  no, not, neither, nor, never, nowhere;
  little, seldom, barely, hardly, scarcely, rarely; 
  no longer, no less, no more, no sooner…than;
  not until, even less, not once, not only…; 
  under no circumstances, in no way, by no means, in vain, on no account, at no time, at hardly any place. 
  2.以only+状语(副词、介词短语、从句)起首的句子:
  only then, only at that time, only once…; 
  only in this way, only with…, only through…, only by…; 
  only when…, only after….only because…. 
  3.以某些程度副词开头的句子:often, so, well. 
  4.以such或短语开头的句子:to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point, etc. 
  5.以as引导让步状语从句时,从句中状语或表语要放在as前。
  6.某些表示方向、位置的副词开头的句子,主谓要全部颠倒:out, down, up, in,… 
  七、形容词、副词和比较结构常见错误设置及答题思路
  [常见错误]
  1.误用-ly副词作系动词表语或宾语补足语(见1996年考题4)。
  2.混用由-ing分词和-ed分词转化的两种形容词。
  3.误用形容词修饰形容词或分词。
  4.误将没有比较级形式的形容词用于比较级形式。
  5.比较结构有误,即原级比较结构与比较级结构混在一起使用,或比较级形容词用于as…as…结构,原级形容词用于…than…结构。
  6.比较对象不一致,即不是同类事物相比较。
  例句:
  A Four-year (A) study by the Infant Testing Center suggests that babies (B) feel more comfortably (C) around other (D) babies than with adults. 
  (答案:C comfortable,形容词作表语) 
  We found the poetry quite pleased (a) in form (B);I had (C) never seen one like it (D) before. 
  (答案:A pleasing,此处应用-ing分词) 
  If (A) you want a real (B) effective stereo that plays (C) music clearly, youd better buy (D) a graphic equalizer.(1995年考题) 
  (答案:B really,副词修饰形容词) 
  His method of doing (A) research work is hardly (B) appreciated;he feels (C) more inferior than (D) others. 
  (答案:D inferior to, inferior没有比较级形式) 
  On the whole (A) , ambitious students are much likely (B) to succeed in their studies than are those (C) with (D) little ambition. 
  (答案:B more likely,应用比较级形式,与句中than对应) 
  Despite (A) this similarity with other (B) creatures, the evolution of humankind differs from other species (C) in one (D) important and unique way.(1996年考题) (答案:C that of other species,比较对象应一致) 
  [辨错思路]
  1.如果题句中形容词或副词划有横线,作为选择项,考生应当马上反应到是否其用法有错误,然后根据句中提供的其他信息判断是副词修饰形容词方面有错误、形容词作表语、补语方面有错误,还是比较结构、比较对象有错误。
  2.一般说来,句中有形容词、副词比较级形式就应该有比较连词,反之亦然,因为more…than…是连在一起使用的对应结构,只有其一,没有其二是错误的。据此即便不懂得句子的意思,也能辨别出结构错误。
  3.同样, as…as…是与形容词、副词原级一起出现的对应结构,因此,如果句中有原级形容词又有比较连词than,就是错误的;反过来,形容词比较级形式如出现在as…as…结构中也是错误的。
  4.在同级比较结构中so总是用于否定句中,即…not so…as…,如句中出现了so+形容词+as…结构,考生就应去寻找否定词not,如果没有,就应分析一下是否应是肯定句结构as…as…,如1996年辨错改错题(2)。
  5.如果确认结构上没有错误,考生应仔细推敲句子语义,弄清是谁跟谁在作比较,比较对象是否一致,对比成分是否采用相同形式。
  6.如果句中出现最高级形式-est或most…,却没有比较范围,或者最高级形式与than用在一起,都是错误的。
  [改错要领]
  1.牢固掌握最基本的比较结构句型。
  2.下列形容词没有比较级形式,表示比较时后面用to,不用than:
  inferior minor senior prior 
  superior major junior preferable 
  3.注意下列受副词修饰的形容词的位置:
  so 
  as 
  too 
  how 
  however+形容词+a+单数可数名词
  如:too large a room 
  such 
  what 
  quite 
  rather+a+形容词+单数可数名词
  如:quite a large room 

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