三、情态动词常见错误设置及答题思路
［常见错误］
1.考情态动词表达推断、预测的逻辑意义。
2.考"情态动词＋动词完成式"表达的虚拟意义。
所设置的错误通常出现在情态动词后接的动词形式上,即是接不定式的一般式,还是接不定式的完成式。
例句：
That small country at one time (A) must be (B) prosperous, for (C) it enjoyed a high level (D) of civilization.
(答案：B must have been,表示对过去的肯定推测)
In a (A) way I agree with you, but I think (B) you could present (C) your arguement in a much better (D) way.
(答案：C could have presented,表示"本来可以…"但实际没有做的虚拟意义)
I regret having left (A) the work unfinished (B)I should plan (C) everything ahead (D) carefully.
(答案：C should have planned,表示"本应该做"而实际未做的虚拟意义)
A piece of evidence shows (A) that life may exist (B) on earth (C) 38 billion years ago (D) .
(答案：B may have existed,表示根据逻辑推理对过去事情作出的可能性推测)
I got up early (A) but I didn't need to do (B) so, because (C) I had no work to do (D) that morning.
(答案：B needn't have done,表示做了不必做的事)
He knew (A) that she mustn't have taken (B) the book as (C) she hadn't been (D) in the house at that time.
(答案：B couldn't have taken,表示对过去的否定推测)
［辨错思路］
反复阅读题句,正确理解句子的含义,确定其表达推测、判断的语气是强烈还是缓和(委婉),语义是禁止、允许、劝阻、警告、评论还是惋惜,据此辨别句中划线的情态动词用词是否准确,所接动词形式是否符合语义要求,从而找出错误所在。从以往试题来看,有关情态动词的错误大都设置在该接动词完成式而误用一般式,请考生注意这一点。
［改错要领］
把握不同的情态动词加动词不定式完成式表示的各种意义：
1.must have+过去分词,表示对过去情况的强烈肯定推测,译为"(昨天)一定…"。
2.can't/couldn't have+过去分词,表示对过去情况的强烈否定推测,译为"(昨天)一定没…"。
3.may/might have+过去分词,表示对已发生的事情作不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实上根本没发生,译为"也许…"。
4.needn't have+过去分词,表示作了不必做的事,译为"其实没必要…"。
5.should(n't)have+过去分词,表示应该做其事,但实际上未做或不应该做但实际上做了,译为"本(不)应该…"。
6.ought to have+过去分词,表示动作按理该发生了,译为"该…"。
7.could have+过去分词,表示过去本来可以做,但却未做,译为"完全可以…"。
注意下面几个情态动词的习惯用法：
had better do…(没有不定式符号to)
had better not do…(not的位置不在had后面)
would like to do…(带to)
would not like to do…(注意not的位置)
used to do…(to后接动词原形,不是ing形式)
四、非谓语动词常见错误设置及答题思路
［常见错误］
1.该用不定式作宾语而错用了动名词,或反之。
2.该用不定式完成式而错用了一般式。
3.该用不定式或动名词被动态而错用了主动态。
4.该用过去分词而错用了现在分词。
5.分词放在句首时,其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致,构成垂悬分词的错误。
例句：
Not too many (A) years ago (B) , my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (C) jogging in public (D) .
(答案：C to be seen,与she是受动关系)
You will (A) almost always find (B) Caroline playing (C) a video game because she enjoys to be challenged (D) .
(答案：D being challenged, enjoy要求动名词作宾语)
When the tank car carried (A) the poisonous gas ran off (B) the rails, the firemen tried to isolate the village from (C) all traffic (D) .
(答案：A carrying,与逻辑主语car为施动关系,即"车载着…")
People cannot but (A) feel puzzling (B) , for they simply cannot (C) understand how he could have made (D) such a stupid mistake.
(答案：B puzzled,过去分词表示承受动作后所处的状态)
Mr.Jankin regretted to blame (A) his secretary for (B) the mistake, for (C) he later discovered (D) it was his own fault.
(答案：A having blamed,此处regret要求接动名词,其完成式表明blame发生在regret之前)
When I consider how talented he is (A) as a painter (B) , I cannot help but believing (C) that the public (D) will appreciate his gift.
(答案：C believe,习惯用法cannot help but do)
The bank is reported (A) in the (B) local newspaper to be robbed (C) in broad (D) daylight yesterday.
(答案：C to have been robbed, yesterday是修饰不定式的,用完成式表示动作已发生)
Using (A) English as a tool, some data (B) may be collected (C) for (D) the research work.
(答案：A可以考虑改为If we use,全句最好改为If we use English as a tool, we can collect some data for the research work.句子的主语data不可能作分词using的逻辑主语)
同等学力申硕英语指南--辨别改错(三)
不详 /2005-10-23
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