来自:清华在线
猜词技巧是阅读中一项非常重要和常用的技巧,是应对生词、确定词汇在具体语言环境中的确切含义的手段。阅读中的生词不是孤立的,而是与其上、下文中的词、句乃至整个篇章,在意义上、结构上和逻辑上存在联系,这些联系便是我们推测词义的依据,通常简称为词的上下文线索(context clues)。
2)推理线索:
1. Generosity can not be measured by the amount of money that one spends to benefit other people. True generosity comes from ones heart, not from his _________.
[ A ] time
3. 比较与对照性线索为例:
比较与对照也是一种常见的重要技巧。作者在写作时经常把两个或更多的人或事物放在一起进行比较或对照,展现出其相同点或区别点。比较和对照有助于读者在更宽广的范围内理解作者的意图,提高阅读效果。注意,比较用来指出事物的相同点,而对照则用来指出事物的不同之处。
例: He had always envied others who excelled in athletics and he longed to join them in games; but he was too slow. Even though he had been elected class president, he still longed to be______
选那一个合适呢?让我们运用比较的技巧试一试:athletics这个词是生词,但通过上文还了解这个词与game“比赛”有关。再看几个选项:[B]最好的学生,[C]一个受尊敬的人,[D]一个俱乐部成员,也可能是读书、艺术、企业家等其他类型的俱乐部。通过比较,三者与比赛都不具同现关系,必然联系。而[A]一个体育场上的英雄,与比赛联系最紧,因而可推知athletics是“体育、运动”的意思,其实与a sport hero是同义词。该项是答案。
常用的过渡性词语有以下几类:
1)表示并列/递进关系:两个或两个以上句子处于并列地位,共同说明一个话题,一种现象。如:also,besides,further,furthermore,even,too,moreover,in addition,in particular,even more important,still,whats more,and等。
2)强对比与转折关系:表示与上文相反,下文提出作者的真实观点。如:(un)like,similarly.likewise,in the same way,in spite of,despite,On the contrary,by comparison,in contrast,but,however,although,On the other hand,yet,conversely,otherwise,as a matter of fact,no doubt,unhappily,unfortunately,in fact,after all,anyway,even等
3)因果关系:也是一种解释关系,结果在前,原因在后.多谈论的是一个问题,一层意思。如:because,thus,so,so that,now that,since,as a result,therefore,consequently,for this (that) reason,hence,accordingly,seeing that等。
4) 例举关系。如:such as,i.e.,for example,for instance,in fact,a case in point,take sth.for example,for one,for another
5)表示结论和概括意义。如:to conclude,to sum up,in sum,in conclusion,in short,in brief,On the whole,in a word,all in all,generally speaking,it can be seen from等。(完)