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同等学力口语交际复习要领
一、题型分析
1.考试要求及考试范围
根据2005年最新版《同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲》的有关规定，暂时取消听力测试，口语交际的测试采用书面形式进行。其要求是：“能用英语进行日常会话。对于生活、学习和工作中的常见英语会话，能理解会话的情景、说话人的意图和对话的含义。能适当进行交际。能正确理解英语口语中常见的习惯用法。”
口语交际分为两部分：完成对话(Dialogue Completion)和对话理解(Dialogue Comprehension)。
(1)完成对话部分 重点是考查考生的语用能力。即：在不同的场合，或者在不同的语境下，考生能够正确地进行交流，能够选择恰当的语句完成对话。如：
[A]: Beach Motel. May I help you?
[B]:
A.Thank you. I’d like to make a long distance call to N ew York.
B.Yes. We need a double room for this weekend.
C.Sorry. I don’t think you can help us. Thank you anyway.
D.All right. My name is David Jones and my room number is 301.
本题是测试考生判断对话场景并运用英语进行交际的能力。
[A]的话已经为考生提供了对话的场景，即汽车旅馆接待员在接听电话，并主动询问对方是否需要提供服务。对方可以明确表示需要提供的服务项目，因此B项中：“是的，我们本周末需要订一个双人间。”符合该对话的场景，应为正确答案。A项在旅馆接待人员还没有提供服务前就表示感谢，不符合该对话场景；C项说话人本来是打电话给汽车旅馆，而自己又说：“对不起，我认为你帮不了我……”显然是自相矛盾；D项说话人没提出需要帮助的内容而是在介绍自己的姓名与房间号，也不符合该对话的场景，因此都不对。
(2)对话理解部分 重点是考查考生的对话或语用理解能力。特别是英语口语中的常用习惯用法以及一些固定的句型结构。如：
[Man]: Mark takes advantage of every opportunity to get close to the CEO.
[Woman]: Everyone knows he wants to fly high.
[Question]: What does the woman imply?
A.Mark wants to travel by air.B.Mark likes the CEO very much.
C.Mark is greatly interested in power.D.Mark can seize opportunities in time.
fly high是一个习惯表达方式，其意思是“有雄心壮志”。所以，C项的意思与这个习语最接近。
口语交际这两部分的考试项目要求考生具备日常会话的语用知识和相应的日常语言交流的能力。这些知识和交际能力应该包括：问候、询问、介绍、致谢、致歉、赞扬、抱怨、问询、约会、看病、购物、送行、建议、要求、打电话等。此外，考生还需要掌握一定的有关英语口语中常见的习惯用法。如：“It’s a short cut(近路)to the railway station. It’s not my cup of tea.(不是我的强项或专长)。”等。
2.对话的命题方式
口语交际部分的命题方式大致可以分成三类：
(1)语境题 这类题包括人们日常生活中可能遇到的各种交际活动，如：打招呼、祝贺、购物、接送客人等。如：“Nice to meet you.”“Good morning.”What’s the matter?”等。
(2)习语题 这类题主要是人们日常活动中用到的一些短语和习语。如：“be right on target,”“on the spot，haste makes waste”等。
(3)结构题
[Man]: You will get a vote from Lora?
[Woman]: She is too young to vote.
[Question]: What does the woman mean?
这个对话中有一个英语结构，即，too…to…意思是“太……而不能……”。这道题主要是考查对话情景中双方使用的句子结构是否符合对话的意义。
二、复习要领
(一)口语交际部分的答题要领主要有以下几点
1.理解对话的背景和场景
对话的背景和场景对于正确选择答案是非常重要的。如：
[A]: Hi Mary, long time no see.
[B]:
A.Hi John. Nice meeting you.
B.Yes. Menu, please.
C.Oh, I see. I’ve lots of work to do here.
D.Yes. Do you know I’ve moved to a new apartment?
在对话中，long time no see是在一段时间没有见面之后，在相逢的情景下使用的。所以回答需要首先确定对话的场景，之后选择D项。A项前半部分是在打招呼，而Nice meeting you是人们在分手时的客套话，不符合该对话的情景，因此不对；B项是在饭店的情景；C项可能是在办公室或公司等处，所以与对话的场景不一致。
2.理解对话的关键词和习惯用法
口语交流中需要正确地理解对方的关键词和有关的习语。这些词和习语可以帮助我们确定对话的场景，作出正确的判断。如：
[A]: May I see your driving license and vehicle registration card, please?
[B]:
A.Sorry, I forgot to bring my homework.B.Good. Here is my business card.
C.Sure. Did I do anything wrong?D.Yes. But I don’t think I’m a bad student.
该题的关键词是driving license(驾照)。了解这个关键词后，就可以排除，“对不起，我忘记带作业了”；“这是我的名片”；和“我不认为我是个坏学生”。因为这三句与driving license都没有联系。
再如：
[Man]: I had a quarrel with Mary. She said that she hated me coming back home late.
[Woman]: You need to put your cards on the table.
[Question]: What does the woman mean?
A.The man shouldn’t quarrel with Mary.
B.The man should go home earlier.
C.The man shouldn’t play cards in the evening.
D.The man should talk about the problem openly.
在对话中put your cards on the table是个习语，意思是，“公开谈论；摆到桌面上来”。了解了这个习语的意义，再借助上下文，就可以比较正确地选择答案了。
3.采取排除法答题
考试过程中，经常采用的一种答题方法是“排除法”。即，将不可能的选项一一排除。先排除最不可能的选项，最后确定答案。如：
[Woman]: Tom told me he has had 5 papers published this year. Is that true?
[Man]: You have to take what Tom says with a grain of salt.
[Question]: What does the man imply?
A.The woman shouldn’t believe everything Tom tells her.
B.The woman should believe him.
C.Tom is not serious with the woman.
D.Tom is always true to his words.
对话中的男士在劝告女士不要信Tom的话。可以首先排除B项和D项。因为，这两项是肯定句。下面再仔细比较A和C项。这样得出正确的答案就不是很困难了。
(二)常用口语表达用语
口语交际考试项目需要考生较好地了解常用的口语表达形式。下面总结了27种不同语境情况下的口语表达用语，供考生复习参考。
1.见面时的对话
(1)Greetings
1)Good morning.—Good morning.
Good afternoon.—Good afternoon.
Good evening.—Good evening.
2)Hello.—Hello.
Hi.—Hi.
3)How are you?
—Fine, (Very well, Not bad,) thank you. And you?
—Just so so. I have a headache.
—Not too well, I’m afraid.
4)How’s Bob?
How’s the family?
How’s everybody at the office?
(2)Expressing surprise and pleasure in seeing someone
1)Hello, Jack. Haven’t seen you for a long time (ages) ! How’s everything going?
2)Oh, hello, Wang. I’m so glad to see you. How’re you doing?
3)Hi, John! Nice to meet you here. How are you getting on? (How are things with you?)
2.分手时的对话
(1)Announcing that you must be leaving
1)Well, I must be off. Good-bye.
—Good-bye.
2)I’m afraid I’ve got to be going now. So long!
—So long!
3)Well, I’ve got to be running along. Cheerio!
—Cheerio!
4)Sorry, I’ll have to be going. It’s getting very late. Good night.
—Good night.
5)Mr. Smith. Thank you for a pleasant evening. I must be going now. See you tomorrow.
—It was nice to have you, Mr. Chang. Good night.
(2)When taking one’s leave
1)We’ll be sorry to see you go.
It’s a pity you’re leaving so soon.
2)I hope you’ve enjoyed your stay in China.
—I certainly have. I shall never forget my visit to your wonderful country.
3)Thank you for everything you’ve done for me during my stay here.
—You’re welcome.
4)I wish you a pleasant journey.
—Thank you.
3.相互介绍时的对话
(1)Introducing yourself
1)May I introduce myself ? I’m Chang Lan.
2)How do you do? My name is Chang Lan.
3)Mr. Jones, I believe? My name is Chang Lan.
4)Hi, My name is…
(2)Introducing somebody else
1)Mr. Smith, this is Mr. Wang.
2)May I introduce you to Mr. Wang, head of the Friendship Delegation?
3)Mr. Johnson, allow me to introduce you to Mr. Wang. Jack, Id like you to meet my Chinese friend, Wang.
(3)Exchange of formalities
1)How do you do?
—How do you do?
2)(I’m) glad to meet you.
—(I’m) glad to meet you, too.
3)(I’m) delighted to know you, Mr. Smith.
—(I’m) equally delighted to meet you.
4)(I’m) very pleased to meet you.
—The pleasure is mine.
5)(It’s) nice to meet you.
—Same here.
4.感谢与回答
(1)Thank you (very much)
1)Thanks (a lot) .
2)It’s very kind (thoughtful) of you !
3)How kind (thoughtful) of you!
4)(I’m very) much obliged (to you) .
5)Thank you anyway (all the same) .
(2)Giving answers
1)Don’t mention it.
2)Not at all.
3)You’re welcome.
4)Sure thing.
5)I’m very glad to have been of help to you.
6)I’m so glad you like it.
5.道歉与回答
(1)Apologizing for being late or troubling somebody
1)I’m so (very) sorry, I’m afraid I’m late.
2)Sorry for being late. You see, I was held up by the rain.
3)I must apologize for being late.
4)I hope I haven’t kept you waiting too long.
5)Sorry to have kept you waiting.
—It’s perfectly all right.
—Oh, it doesn’t matter.
—Not at all.
(2)Apologizing for having done something wrong
1)I’m sorry, I quite forgot.
2)I beg your pardon. Did I hurt you?
3)I’m awfully sorry. I hope I haven’t hurt you.
4)I’m terribly sorry. I hope it isn’t broken.
5)I must apologize for being so careless.
—Oh, it’s nothing. Don’t let a little thing like that worry you.
—Oh, it’s quite all right. Forget it!
—It doesn’t matter.
—I assure you, it’s nothing at all.
—Not in the least.
—Not a bit.
—Never mind.
6.请求许可或帮助与回答
(1)Asking for permission
1)May I come in?
—Come in (please) .
—Do come in.
2)May I open the window?
3)May I interrupt you?
—Of course you may (can).
—Yes. (certainly).
—By all means.
—Please do.
—I’m sorry. I’m afraid…
4)You don’t mind if I smoke, do you?
—Not at all.
—Go ahead.
5)I wonder if I could…
6)I should like to…if I may.
7)Would it be possible to have a talk with your students?
—Yes, of course.
—Well, I’m afraid…
(2)Asking for help
1)I wonder if you would tell me…
—I’ll be delighted to.
—I’d very much like to.
2)If it isn’t too troublesome, could (would) you…
If it’s not too much trouble I’d like to ask you…
—No trouble at all.
—You’re welcome.
3)Do me a favor, will you?
Would you do me a favor?
—With pleasure.
—I will if I can.
4)Would you mind telling Mr. Gao that I’d like to see him tomorrow morning?
—Not at all.
—I’ll be glad to.
—I’m sorry, I don’t think I can manage it.
—I’m afraid I won’t be able to.
7.邀请
(1)Would you like to join…?
(2)I’ll be happy if you can come to the…
(3)Let’s go and have something.
(4)We should be delighted if you could…
(5)What about going to…?
8.祝愿和祝贺
(1)Wish you every success !(2)Good luck to you.
(3)Wishing you good luck (forever) .(4)May all your wishes come true.
(5)I wish you every fortune and every success.
(6)May your Christmas be filled with joy and warmth!
(7)What marvelous news!
9.打电话
(1)May I speak to…?(2)Speaking.
(3)Is Roger there?(4)Yes, speaking.
(5)Hi, my hands are tied. I’ll get back to you in a minute.
(6)Can I call back? Something has come up.
(7)Can I have your name and telephone number?
(8)I’m afraid you’ve got the wrong number.
(9)Hang on a second/a moment.(10)Would you like to hold?
(11)Hold the line, please.
(12)He’s not available now. Can I take a message?
(13)Long distance call from…
10.看病
(1)What’s the matter?(2)What’s the trouble with you?
(3)What seems to be the trouble?(4)I don’t feel like eating.
(5)How long have you been like this?(6)I’ve been sick for a day.
(7)It hurts me when I breathe. (8)I feel feverish.
(9)I’d like to run some tests.(10)I’d like to take a blood sample.
11.吃饭
(1)Could you show us the menu?(2)Would you like to see the menu?
(3)Are you ready to order?(4)What do you recommend?
(5)Which do you prefer?
(6)How would you like that prepared/done?
(7)What would you like to drink, tea or coffee?
(8)What is your favorite…?
12.购物
(1)May/Can l help you?(2)We have a clearance sale today.
(3)The price will go down.(4)Please try it on.
(5)I’ve seen this cheaper in other places.(6)Could you bring the price down?
(7)That is a steal. (8)It’s a little overpriced.
(9)Do you know what size you are?
13.谈论天气
(1)Have you heard the weather forecast?(2)What does the weather forecast say?
(3)What will it be after the clear weather?(4)It says a storm may come soon.
(5)How long will this hot weather last?(6)I hope it stays nice for the whole month.
(7)It’s wonderful after the rain.(8)Autumn is the best season here.
14.劝告和建议
(1)If I were you, I’d phone him now. (2)What do you think I should do?
(3)I advise you to see a doctor.(4)I would try again if I were you.
(5)Should we go now?(6)What do you think I should do?
(7)Why don’t you go to bed earlier?(8)How about going to a concert?
15.请求
(1)I was wondering whether you could…(2)May I trouble you to (do) …?
(3)May I have the pleasure of…?(4)Do you mind if I…?
(5)I’d appreciate it if you could help me with…
(6)Do you think it would be possible to (do)…
(7)Would you be so kind as to…?(8)It would help me a great deal if you…?
16.表示惊讶
(1)My goodness !(2)That’s incredible !
(3)What a surprise!(4)I can’t believe my eyes.
(5)Wow! What a beautiful lake !(6)Good heavens !
(7)How astonishing/amazing !(8)Who knows? God knows !
18.同意与不同意
(1)Sure./Absolutely.(2)You got it.
(3)By all means.(4)That’s true/right.
(5)That’s for sure.(6)I couldn’t agree with you any more.
(7)I don’t think so.(8)That’s not right.
