方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关
系代词/关系副词。
例 1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例 2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案:例 1 D 例 2 A
例 1 变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例 2 变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句 1 中,所缺部分为宾语,而 where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作用,只有 the one
既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句 2 中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词 where,又因 in the
museum 词组,可用介词 in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词 on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词
(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点
状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
4、限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确; 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用
第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词 that 和关系副词 why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
5、介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that 前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间, 地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词 when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?