考试科目：英语语言学
适用专业：外国语言学与应用语言学
一、 复习要求：
要求考生熟悉语言和语言学的本质以及英语语言学发展的来龙去脉，掌握英语语言学中的基本概念、基础理论和流派观点，能准确和流畅地借用英语语言学中的理论诠释现实生活中的问题与现象。
二、主要复习内容：
1、What Is Language?
重点：The origins of language; the properties of language; the development of written language.
2、What Is Linguistics?
重点：The definition of linguistics; the scope of linguistics; some important distinctions in linguistics.
3、Phonetics and Phonology
重点：The definition of phonetics; organs of speech; place and manners of articulation; broad and narrow transcriptions; classification of English vowels and consonants; the definition of phonology; phone, phoneme, and allophone; phonemic contrast, complementary distribution, and minimal pair; some rules in phonology like sequential rules, assimilation rules, and deletion rules; suprasegmental features like stress, tone and intonation.
4、Morphology
重点：The definition of morphology; free and bound morphemes; derivational versus and inflectional; morphological rules; morphs and allomorphs; word-formation processes like coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, backformation, conversion, acronym, derivation, prefixes, suffixes, and infixes.
5、Grammar
重点：Types of grammar; the parts of speech; traditional grammar, grammatical categories, and grammatical analysis; the prescriptive and descriptive approaches; structural and immediate constituent analysis; labeled and bracketed sentences.
6、Syntax
重点：The definition of syntax; the basic components of a sentence; types of sentences; the linear and hierarchical structures of sentences; lexical and phrasal categories; grammatical relations; combinational rules; syntactic movement and movement rules; general principles and the parameters of Universal Grammar; generative grammar; deep and surface structure; structural ambiguity; labeled tree diagrams.
7、Semantics
重点：The definition of semantics; some views concerning the study of meaning; sense and reference; major sense relations like synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy; sense relations between sentences; metonymy; collocation; prototypes; componential and predication analysis.
8、Pragmatics
重点：The definition of pragmatics; context; sentence meaning v. utterance meaning; speech act theory; principles of conversation; deixis; reference; anaphora; presupposition.
9、Discourse Analysis
重点：Interpreting discourse; cohesion and coherence; speech events and conversational interaction; the co-operative principle; background knowledge.
10、Historical Linguistics
重点：The purpose and significance of historical linguistics; the nature and causes of language change; major periods in the history of English; linguistic change of English; language family.
11、Sociolinguistics
重点：Speech community and speech variety; regional, social, stylistic, and idiolectal variation; standard and non-standard language; lingua francs, pidgins, and Creoles; diglossia and bilingualism; Black English; educational, age, gender and register varieties; slang, linguistic taboo, and euphemism.
12、Psycholinguistics
重点：The biological foundations of language; linguistic lateralization; the language centers; the critical period for language acquisition; early views on language and thought; arguments for and against the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis; understanding the relationship between language and thought.
13、First Language Acquisition
重点：The biological basis of language acquisition; the roles of input and interaction, instruction, correction and reinforcement, and imitation; the four stages of first language acquisition; the development of the grammatical system (e.g. phonology, syntax, vocabulary, semantics, and morphology).
14、Second Language Acquisition
重点：Acquisition versus learning; transfer and interference; the natural route of SLA development; interlanguage and fossilization; the role of input and formal instruction; individual learner factors like age, motivation, acculturation, and personality.
三、参考书：
1、The Study of Language（第2版） George Yule，外语教学与研究出版社，剑桥大学出版社，2000
2、《语言学教程》，胡壮麟等编，北京大学出版社，2001
3、《现代语言学》，何兆熊等著，外语教学与研究出版社，1999
适用专业：外国语言学与应用语言学
一、 复习要求：
要求考生熟悉语言和语言学的本质以及英语语言学发展的来龙去脉，掌握英语语言学中的基本概念、基础理论和流派观点，能准确和流畅地借用英语语言学中的理论诠释现实生活中的问题与现象。
二、主要复习内容：
1、What Is Language?
重点：The origins of language; the properties of language; the development of written language.
2、What Is Linguistics?
重点：The definition of linguistics; the scope of linguistics; some important distinctions in linguistics.
3、Phonetics and Phonology
重点：The definition of phonetics; organs of speech; place and manners of articulation; broad and narrow transcriptions; classification of English vowels and consonants; the definition of phonology; phone, phoneme, and allophone; phonemic contrast, complementary distribution, and minimal pair; some rules in phonology like sequential rules, assimilation rules, and deletion rules; suprasegmental features like stress, tone and intonation.
4、Morphology
重点：The definition of morphology; free and bound morphemes; derivational versus and inflectional; morphological rules; morphs and allomorphs; word-formation processes like coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, backformation, conversion, acronym, derivation, prefixes, suffixes, and infixes.
5、Grammar
重点：Types of grammar; the parts of speech; traditional grammar, grammatical categories, and grammatical analysis; the prescriptive and descriptive approaches; structural and immediate constituent analysis; labeled and bracketed sentences.
6、Syntax
重点：The definition of syntax; the basic components of a sentence; types of sentences; the linear and hierarchical structures of sentences; lexical and phrasal categories; grammatical relations; combinational rules; syntactic movement and movement rules; general principles and the parameters of Universal Grammar; generative grammar; deep and surface structure; structural ambiguity; labeled tree diagrams.
7、Semantics
重点：The definition of semantics; some views concerning the study of meaning; sense and reference; major sense relations like synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy; sense relations between sentences; metonymy; collocation; prototypes; componential and predication analysis.
8、Pragmatics
重点：The definition of pragmatics; context; sentence meaning v. utterance meaning; speech act theory; principles of conversation; deixis; reference; anaphora; presupposition.
9、Discourse Analysis
重点：Interpreting discourse; cohesion and coherence; speech events and conversational interaction; the co-operative principle; background knowledge.
10、Historical Linguistics
重点：The purpose and significance of historical linguistics; the nature and causes of language change; major periods in the history of English; linguistic change of English; language family.
11、Sociolinguistics
重点：Speech community and speech variety; regional, social, stylistic, and idiolectal variation; standard and non-standard language; lingua francs, pidgins, and Creoles; diglossia and bilingualism; Black English; educational, age, gender and register varieties; slang, linguistic taboo, and euphemism.
12、Psycholinguistics
重点：The biological foundations of language; linguistic lateralization; the language centers; the critical period for language acquisition; early views on language and thought; arguments for and against the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis; understanding the relationship between language and thought.
13、First Language Acquisition
重点：The biological basis of language acquisition; the roles of input and interaction, instruction, correction and reinforcement, and imitation; the four stages of first language acquisition; the development of the grammatical system (e.g. phonology, syntax, vocabulary, semantics, and morphology).
14、Second Language Acquisition
重点：Acquisition versus learning; transfer and interference; the natural route of SLA development; interlanguage and fossilization; the role of input and formal instruction; individual learner factors like age, motivation, acculturation, and personality.
三、参考书：
1、The Study of Language（第2版） George Yule，外语教学与研究出版社，剑桥大学出版社，2000
2、《语言学教程》，胡壮麟等编，北京大学出版社，2001
3、《现代语言学》，何兆熊等著，外语教学与研究出版社，1999