北京航空航天大学
2012年全日制翻译硕士学位（MTI）研究生入学考试试题 招生专业：翻译硕士 科目名称：英语翻译基础 科目代码：357 满分：150分
第一部分：将下列术语翻译成中文（本题共15分,每一题1分）.
1. Abstract translation
2. Adequacy
3. Agent
4. Appeal-focused texts
5. Multi-media texts
6. Naturalness
7. Loan translation
8. Coherence
9. Commission
10. Consecutive interpreting
11. Domesticating translation
12. Pre-editing
13. Explicitation
14. Poly-system theory
15. Under-translation
第二部分：将下列术语翻译成英文（本题共15分,每小题1分）.
1. 借用
2. 可比语料库
3. 文化置换
4. 自然语言
5. 语法分析
6. 中间语言
7. 隐性
8. 显性翻译
9. 术语库
10. 视译
11. 配字幕
12. 文本类型学
13. 可接受性
14. 冗余
15. 赞助
第三部分：英译汉（本题共60分，第一段30分,第二段30分）.
1
The stages of a writer's professional life are marked not by a name on an office door, but by a name in ink. There was the morning when my father came home carrying a stack of Sunday papers because my byline was on page one, and the evening that I persuaded a security guard to hand over an early edition, still warm from the presses, with my first column. But there's nothing to compare to the day when someone hands over a hardcover book with your name on the cover. I'm just not sure the moment would have had the same grandeur had my work been downloaded instead into an e-reader.
Reading is not simply an intellectual pursuit but an emotional and spiritual one. That's why it survives. There are still millions of people who like the paper version, at least for now. And if that changes––well, what is a book, really? Is it its body, or its soul?
2
Langhlin acknowledges that "a lot of responsible people" are worried about atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels. This has, he says, "the potential" to modify the weather by raising average temperatures several degrees centigrade and that governments have taken "significant, although ineffective," steps to slow the warning. "On the scales of time relevant to itself, the earth doesn't care about any of these governments or their legislation."
Someday, all the fossil fuels that used to be in the ground will be burned. After that, in about a millennium, the earth will dissolved most of the resulting carbon dioxide into the oceans. The dissolving will leave the concentration in the atmosphere only slightly higher than today's. Then "over tens of millennia, or perhaps hundreds" the earth will transfer the excess carbon dioxide into its rocks, "eventually returning levels in the sea and air to what they were before humans arrived on the scene." This will take an eternity as humans reckon, but a blink in geologic time.
第四部分：汉译英（本题共60分，第一段30分,第二段30分）。
1
在这个社交网站盛行的年代，按理说我们每个人都应该有数百位朋友。但研究表明，我们中的大多数人事实上只有两个亲密的朋友，而25年前人均好友数量为三个。
研究人员认为并不需要为此担心。他们指出，尽管我们当中有一部分人可能会变得“更脆弱”，但很多人只是更善于判定谁才是自己能够信任的知己密友罢了。
2
国际空间站的设计初衷是作为一个向其他星球发送航天器的平台。不过，这一使命后来转变成了一个绕地球运行的实验室，对人类和其他生物体在太空环境下的表现进行试验，希望藉此对基本生命功能有更多的了解、发现新的医疗方法。在很多试验中，需要有人类进行或参与。