2012年专业英语真题答案（原创） 1—20 DBCCD DABAD ABACA BBCCD
21 fact—the fact 22 recently—frequently 23 rest—rests 24 part—full 25 its—their 26 because—as 27 different—same 28 men—women 29 relative—relatively 30 and—or
31—40 BADAC DBDAC
41—45 recent difference called taken into
46—50 that by students but such
51—55 And Subjects and certain impossible
56 International Phonetic Alphabet
57 National Matriculation English Test
58 Universal Grammar
59 Verb Phrase
60 Noun Phrase
61.Interpersonal Functions：It is the most important sociological use of language,by which people establish and maintain their status in a society.
62.Transactional functions:没找到
63.Syntagmatic relations：the relation between one and others in a sequence,or between elements,which are all present.In a syntagmatic relation,there are syntactic and semantic conditions the words must meet.
64.Paradigmatic relation:It refers to the relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure,or between one element present and the others absent.
65.Deductive learning:Deductive reasoning is a movement from a generalization to specific.This means that the teacher gives the students a new concept, explains it, and then has the students practice using the concept.
翻译：（仅供参考）
我们现在能总结出构成人的交际能力的技能分成四大方面，这一点在外语教学中一定要给予承认，简要起见，这里仅从说话者角度说一下这四点。
学习者一定要获得尽可能高的语言能力。也就是，一定要不断培养操纵语言系统的技能，直至能够自发灵活的使用它来表达自己内心的想法。
学习者一定要知道作为语言能力一部分的形式和其扮演的交际功能是有区别的。换句话说，作为语言学系统一部分掌握到的项目也必须作为交际系统的一部分来理解。
学习者一定要培养各种技能和策略，以便在具体的环境下使用语言进行最有效的交流。学习者必须学会通过反馈回来的信息来判断交际是否成功，如有必要，使用不同的语言来补救。
学习者必须知道语言形式的社会意义。对很多学习者来说，这可能并不意味着改变自己的言语来适应不同的社会环境的的能力，而是使用普遍接受的形式避免潜在的冒犯他人。
Summary and comment（仅供参考）
Communicative competence is a term which refers to a language user's grammatical knowledge as well as social knowledge about how and when to speak appropriately.It
includes linguistic competence,sociolinguistic competence and strategetic competence.Besides linguistic competence ,it also focuses on social and cultural rules and meanings ,which suggests language teaching should also pay more attention on social,interpersonal and cultural dimension. Acquiring communicative competence is so complicated for a second language learner .When his grammatical and sociolinguistic competence are limited,he should use strategies to make himself understood.Categorizations and studies of communicative competence are more and more important in foreign language teaching.
It is very necessary and important to provide proper communicative activities for learners in order to improve their communicative competence. the teacher may choose some proper activities to meet different needs in accordance with different learners and different levels of the language. For example, for the beginners, the teacher had better use such activities as pattern drills, listening and repeating, retelling stories and acting out plays, even identifying pictures and so on. However, when the learners are at a higher level such as at the secondary level, the teacher had better use social interaction activities as many as possible, such as discussion, debate, speech, etc. For different materials, the teacher should choose different communicative activities.
no matter the learners learn their native language or second language, they must possess communicative competence, which includes linguistic competence, pragmatic competence, discourse competence, strategic competence and fluency. In order to foster learners’ communicative competence, the teacher had better manage a communicative classroom, where the learners contribute communicative activities. Only by relying on communicative activities in class, can the teacher improve learners’ communicative competence effectively and quickly.