2014年长安大学大地测量与测量学工程复 试（笔试题目）

一、专业术语释义（每小题3分，共10题）

1、天经2、地纬3、平面子午线收敛角4、大地水准面差距 5、弧度测量 6高程基准面 7重力位函数 8、球面角超 9、卯酉圈 10、岁差

二、简答题（每小题7分，共8题）

1、水准面为何不平行？

2、何为大地线？大地线有什么性质？地球椭球面上的两点间的大地线与相应的法截弧有何关系？

3、正高、正常高、力高有何不同？

4、如何进行椭球定位定向？

5、确定地球形状的方法？

6、如何选择工程测量的投影面和投影带？

7、何为勒让德定理？

8、如何进行高斯平面坐标系的换带计算？

三、推证题（每小题15分，共2题）

1、绘图并推导（x、y、z）到（L,B,H）的转换关系

2、白塞尔基本思想和计算步骤

四、论述题（每小题17分，共2题） 1、如何将地面控制网的元素（天文经度、天文纬度、天文方位角、斜距、水平方向值）归算为高斯平面上平面控制网的元素？

2、测量工作工作者在新世纪面临的机遇和挑战是什么？

自我介绍 (一)Good morning, my dear teachers, my dear professors. I am very glad to be here for your interview. my name is SongYonghao, I am 22 years old. I come from Luoyang, a very beautiful aicent city. my undergratuade period will be accomplished in Chang’an University in July, 2004. And now, I am trying my best for obtaining a key to Tongji University. Generally speaking, I am a hard working student especially do the thing I am interested in. I will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is. When i was sophomore, I found web design very interesting, so I learned it very hard. To weaver a homepage for myself, I stayed with my pesonel computer for half a month, and I am the first one in my class who owns his homepage. Furthermore, I am a person with great perserverence. During the days preparing for the first examination, I insist on running every day, no matter what the weather was like. And just owning to this, I could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end. Well, in my spare time, I like basketball, tennis and chinese chess. Also english is my favorate. I often go to english corner to practise my oral english on every thursday, and write compositions to improve my witten ability. But I know my english is not good enough, I will continue studying. Ok, that is all, thank you for your attention.

(二)Good morning, everyone! I am glad to be here for this interview. First, let me introduce myself to you. My name is Qin Jiayin. I was born

on April 23, 1981. I am a local person. I am graduating from ××University this June. I major in Chinese literature. I hope I could get the opportunity to finish my postgraduate courses in Jilin University which I have desired for a long time. I have the confidence because I have such ability! I am a girl who is fervent, outgoing and creative. At the same time, I think I am quick in mind and careful in everything. I am looking forward to my postgraduate studies and life. I will soon prove that your decision of choosing me is the wisest. Thank you for giving me such a valuable opportunity!

(三) Good morning. I am glad to be here for this interview. First let me introduce myself. My name is ××, 24. I come from ××, the capital of ××Province. I graduated from the ×××department of ××University in July, 2001. In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching ××in NO.1 middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two. Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you .

I am open-minded, quick in thought and very fond of history. In my spare time, I have broad interests like many other youngers. I like reading books, especially those about ×××. Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line. In addition, during my college years, I was once a Net-bar technician. So, I have a comparative good command of network application. I am able to operate the

computer well. I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years. Italian team is my favorite. Anyway, I feel great pity for our country’s team. I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning. Of course, if I am given a chance to study ×××in this famous University, I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance ×××

四、Good morning/afternoon， my dear teachers (my dear professors)。 I am very glad to be here for your interview. My name is ___.I am ___ years old. I come from _______， a very beautiful city. My undergraduate period will be accomplished in _______university in July， 2009. And now， I am trying my best for obtaining a key to ________ University.

Generally speaking， I am a hard-working student. I will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is. When I was sophomore， I found web design very interesting， so I learned it very hard. To weave a homepage for myself， I stayed with my personal computer for half a month， and I am the first one in my class who own his homepage. Furthermore， I am a person with great perseverance. During the days preparing for the first examination， I insist on running every day， no matter what the weather was like. And just owning to this， I could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.

Well， in my spare time， I like basketball， tennis and Chinese chess. Also， English is my favorite. I often go to English corner to

practice my oral English on every Thursday， and write compositions to improve my written ability. But I know my English is not good enough， I will continue studying.

Ok， that‘s all， thank you for your attention.