机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三  Words Learning
component 
1. 普通词义：成分，要素，组成的
Please analyse the component parts of this sentence.
请分析这个句子的成分。
2. 专业词义：零件，部件，元件
This factory supply components for the car industry.
这个工厂为汽车制造业提供零件 。
Faulty of control system caused by the failure of a electronic component. 
控制系统故障是由于一个电子元件失效引起。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三  Words Learning
assembly
1. 普通词义：集会，集合
The national assembly have met to discuss the crisis.
国民大会已对这一危机进行了讨论。
２. 专业词义：装配，安装，装置
Each component is carefully checked before assembly.
每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
disassembly 拆卸，拆除，分解，解体
For  repairing the transmission system we have to make disassembly to some parts of the lathe .
要对这台车床传动系统进行维修，必须拆卸某些部件。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三  Words Learning
modular 组合的，模块化的，组件化的
Modular machine is the modern way of machine design.
标准化组合机床是机床设计的新模式。
manufacture 制造，加工，制造业，产品
Most car components are manufactured by standardization manufactory.
大部分汽车零件是由标准化生产厂制造的。 
To develop manufactures to the utmost, China must have new markets for her products.
中国若要最大限度地发展制造业就必须拥有销售其产品的新市场。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三  Fasteners and Springs 1
There are three main classifications of fasteners, 
which are described as follows:
(1) Removable. This type permits the parts to be 
readily disconnected without damaging the fastener. An example is the ordinary nut-and-bolt fastener.
(2) Semipermanent. For this-type, the parts can be disconnected, but some damage usually occurs to the fastener. One such example is a cotter pin.
(3) Permanent. When this type of fastener is used, it is intended that the parts will never be disassembled. Examples are riveted and welded joints.
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三  Words Learning
classification  分类,分级
The classification of machine tool can be based on its function.
机床可按其功能进行分类。
classification of fits    security classification
   配合类别        安全保密级别， 密级
describe 描写，描述，阐述，沿着……画，
Performance and measuring method of the material are briefly described in the paper. 
本文简述了该材料的性能与测量方法。
He describe a circle with a compass.  
他用圆规画一个圆。
removable 1. 普通词义:可移动的,可更换的  2.专业词义:可拆卸的
Taper pin is classified as removable component. 
锥销属可拆卸零件类。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三  Fasteners and Springs 1
The following factors should be taken into account when selecting fasteners for a given application:
(1) Primary function;    
(2) Appearance;    
(3) A large number of small size fasteners versus a small number of large size fasteners   (an example is bolts);
(4) Operating conditions such as vibration, loads and temperature;
(5) Frequency of disassembly;    
(6) Adjustability in the location of parts;
(7) Types of materials to be joined;   
(8) Consequences of failure or loosening of the fastener. 
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三  Words Learning
take into account 重视, 考虑
Security should be taken into account during experiment. 
实验期间必须重视安全问题。
given application 特定的应用，指定的应用
This equation can only be used in a given application.
这个公式只能用于指定的应用情况。
operating condition 工作条件，工件环境
Operating condition should be improved for grinding works.
应为磨削工人们改善工作环境。
consequences 结果，后果，影响
A machine without proper oil will cause failure consequences
不对机器进行润滑保养会导致各种故障。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三  Fasteners and Springs 1
The importance of fasteners can be realized when referring to any complex product. In the case of the automobile, there are literally thousands of parts which are fastened together to produce the total product. The failure or loosening of a single fastener could result in a 
simple nuisance such as a door rattle or in a serious situation such as a wheel coming off. Such possibilities must be taken into account in the selection of the type of fastener for the specific application. 
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三  Words Learning
realize  认识到，了解，实现，达到
The engineers realized that force analysis is very important before making a mechanical design.
工程师们认识到在进行机构设计前作受力分析是很重要的。
The plan of machining 200 workpieces a day was realized.
已经实现了每天加工200个零件的计划。
failure 1.普通词义:失败,不成功  2.专业词义:故障,失效,失灵,损坏
Failure is the mother of success.      （=Failure teaches success.）   
失败是成功之母。
Bearing failure caused by lack of oil. 
润滑油不足导致轴承损坏。
 
机械工程专业英语文献阅读之三  Words Learning
nuisance 令人讨厌的事（人），麻烦事，障碍，损害
The loud noise of that failure machine was a nuisance to the whole workshop.
那台出故障的机器产生那么大的噪声让整个车间都厌烦。
selection 选择，挑选
Components filter selection is so important that it is the determinant of whole machine property. 
零部件的筛选十分重要，它决定了整台设备性能的好坏．
 
机械工程专业英语   作业二 English in Mechanical Engineering (home work ２)
1. 英文造句，将下列单词分别用到所造的句子中：
components, assembly, modular, manufacture, 
describe, removable, take into account , selection, 
operating conditions, consequences, failure
 
 


4机械工程专业英语  第四课
 
翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词 Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words
 三 、增词与减词
（一）增词译法:在对英文进行翻译时，若按字面翻译，句子的结构不完善，或句子的含义不明确，或词汇的概念不清晰时，需要增
加某些词语，以便更完善、清楚地表达英语句子的内容。例：
Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performance 
increases weight.
直译：效率花费金钱，安全增加复杂性，性能增加重量。
增词译法：对设备(或器件)来说，要提高效率就要增加成本，要想保证安全势必要增加其复杂程度，而要改善性能就要增加其重量。                             
1. 增加表示时态的概念的词
    英语中表达时态的词往往是没有词义的，翻译时必须用一些中文词将其表达出来：
Balloons were (and are) usually filled with hydrogen.
气球过去（和现在）一般都用氢气来充气。
 
翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词 Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words
We can learn what we did not know.
我们能够学会我们原来不懂的东西。（过去时）
The generator set will start working tomorrow.
这台发电机组将于明天开始运行。（将来时）
An object is said to possess kinetic energy if it if moving.
如果一个物体在运动，就可以说它有了动能。（进行时）
We have learned how to fit the computer.
我们已经学会了怎样安装电脑。（完成时）
Reamers are used to finish drilled holes.
绞刀用来将已经钻好了的孔进行精加工。(过去分词表示“完成”的状态)
 
翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词 Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words
2. 补充原文省略的词
    英语中常根据语法或语言习惯省略某些词语，如重复出现时，省去形容词修饰的名词，用do代替实义动词，在省略句中，省去连
词、主语、谓语动词或其它成分等：
In figure 5, P is the resistance, S the distance and C the effort.
在图5中， P是阻力，S是距离，C是作用力。
All bodies consist of molecules and these of atoms.
所有物体均由分子组成，而分子由原子组成。(补译出 these 后面省略的molecules consist)
The changes in matter around us are of two types, physical andchemical.  
我们周围的物质变化有两种，物理变化与化学变化。
When pure, water is a colorless liquid.  
水纯时,水是无色的液体。
 
翻译的基本方法 – 增词与减词 Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words
3. 补充表示数的概念的词语
    一般来说，表示单数的不定冠词a和名词的复数形式是不必译出的。但在某些情况下，必须补足具体的表示数量的词。
Hydrogen atom consists of an electron and a proton.
氢原子由一个电子和一个质子构成。
(此处的数词a 表示具体的实际数量)
                                              The bottom part of the hanging wire is placed between the poles of a small horseshoe magnet.