6. Science means the exploration of truth. In the process of exploring truth, people will have to experience tremendous hardships and difficulties before they can come to understand the objective laws. It is often the case that the differences in the research perspectives, the materials mastered, and the ways of understanding would lead to totally different results-as we might say, "a mountain becomes a hill when viewed horizontally and a ridge when viewed vertically, and it assumes totally different shapes when viewed from a short or a long distance, or from a high or a low position." - and even lead to academic disputes. Therefore, an accomplished scientist would regard opposing arguments as his most tremendous benefit and take others’ criticism of him as the most precious friendship that he can ever obtain. In Gothe’s words, "We take for granted what we are in favor of. However, only what we are opposed to can enrich our thoughts." This is all because the approving opinions are not necessarily justified while the opposing arguments are not necessarily unfounded. To put it in the least way, even the opposing arguments that are mistaken will be immensely beneficial to one’s own scientific research.

7. 虽然美国经济在过去几年中已实现了转型，但某些问题自美国建国之初以来一直持续至今，依然悬而未决。其中之一便是围绕着政府在一个基本上属于市场性质的经济中的恰当角色所展开的持久争论。以自由企业为基础的经济体制，其普遍特征便是私有制和个人创新精神，政府介入应相对微弱。然而，人们发现，政府的干预时不时地也是必要的，以确保经济机会人人均等，能为全部民众所获得，并防范肆无忌惮的权力滥用，平抑通货膨胀，刺激经济增长。自殖民地时期以来，美国政府或多或少地参与到经济决策中来。例如，联邦政府曾在基础设施方面进行过巨额投资，它也提供了私营业主们没有能力或不愿意提供的社会福利项目。在过去数十年中，政府也以无数的方式支持并促进农业发展。

8. Equal are the generous gifts granted/distributed (endowed) by Nature to (on) all human individuals, whether they are wealthy or impoverished (be they wealthy or impoverished). Therefore, all human individuals have become unanimously and profoundly indebted to (obliged to, attached to, dependent on) Nature. This is particularly true in rural areas where ways of life have remained intact and unchanged for people for thousands of years-sowing crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, grazing and milking cows, hoeing grasses and planting flower-trees, going to churches for religious prayers and services on weekends, playing musical instruments, dancing and singing on squares. The fields in former times are still their present-day homes glowing with human warmth. In such a way, each locality has evolved its own unique folk tales and has transmitted its distinctive habits and customs.

9. May 12th, 2008,  the massive earthquake that hit Wenchuan in Sichuan province stunned the world. Under the strong leadership of Central government and State Council, people of all ethnic groups, especially the people of the hit areas exhibited great cohesion and united like a fortress as well as the people’s army risked their lives and charged forward, fighted against the earthquake relief which was the fastest pace of rescue, the widest mobilization and the unprecedented huge force. We stick to putting people’s life as the first place, saving 84000 survivor from the ruins. 38.4 billion RMB for relief work and 74 billion RMB for reconstruction was arranged by the Ministry of Finance and a series of policies and measurement were put forward to support quake-hit areas. The arduous struggle emerged countless move ground, inspiring heroism, adequately, China's indomitable spirit of self-empowerment, wrote a great nation of magnificent chapter

10.I love to be alone. I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude. We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad among men than when we stay in our chambers. A man thinking or working is always alone, let him be where he will. Solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows. The really diligent student in one of the crowded hives of Cambridge College is as solitary as a dervish in the desert. The farmer can work alone in the field or the woods all day, hoeing or chopping, and not feel lonesome, because he is employed; but when he comes home at night he cannot sit down in a room alone, at the mercy of his thoughts, but must be where he can :see the folks,:” and recreate, and, as he thinks, remunerate himself for his day’s solitude; and hence he wonders how the student can sit alone in the house all night and most of the day without ennui and :the blues:; but he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is still at work in his field, and chopping in his woods, as the farmer in his, and in turn seeks the same recreation and society that the latter does, though it may be a more condensed form of it.

11.我们都习惯于在生活中寻找公平，当事情不公平的时候，我们就容易生气、焦虑或者是失望。事实上，这就等同于寻找青春的源头，抑或是寻找某种神话。世界并不只是通过那样的方式拼在一起的。知更鸟吃毛毛虫，这对毛毛虫是不公平的；蜘蛛吃苍蝇，这对苍蝇是不公平的；美洲狮杀死了丛林狼，丛林狼又杀死了獾，獾又杀死了老鼠，老鼠再杀死昆虫，昆虫再……你必须在看大自然的时候意识到在这世界上没有公平存在。龙卷风、洪水、潮汐、干旱，所有的都是不公平的。公平这种事情是一个虚构的概念。这个世界以及在世界生活着的人们每天都在经历着不公平。你可以选择快乐或者不快乐，但对于在你周围你所看到的不公平却是无能为力。

12. We are committed to applying ourselves to the dissemination（播种；传播） and popularization of the knowledge regarding the protection of cultural heritage, and to the enhancement of public awareness in this regard, thus creating a favorable social environment for our efforts to preserve and pass down  both our tangible and intangible heritage from generation to generation.

13. All the seats on the D-prefaced streamlined trainsets are soft swivel chairs. Not only is the seat's reclining position adjustable, but passengers can opt to turn their seats to keep in the direction of the train or to face the persons sitting behind them. This is especially appealing to friends, families, co-workers and classmates traveling together.

14. All countries are exceptional. But America likes to think of itself as exceptionally exceptional, different from other advanced industrial countries not just in its social arrangements but also in its underlying values. America has a smaller state than other comparable countries and a more unequal distribution of wealth. It is also more strongly committed to what Margaret Thatcher once called “Victorian values”—individualism, voluntarism, patriotism.

所有国家都有其独特性。但是美国人喜欢认为他们的国家尤其的与众不同。与其它发达的工业化国家相比，这种不同不仅仅体现在其社会安排上，还表现在它的基本价值观念上。与类似的国家相比，美国政府在社会经济生活中所占的比例更小，其财富分配也更加的不均衡。美国也更加强烈的致力于曾被撒切尔夫人称为“维多利 亚价值”的个人主义，志愿主义和爱国主义。


Americans strongly favour the introduction of universal health care. They are also desperate to improve their global image. Both Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama have promised to introduce the former. All three candidates have promised to improve the latter. The next administration will undoubtedly see significant moves, such as the closing of Guantánamo Bay or the adoption of stronger environmental regulations, that will be intended to make America less of an outlier.
美国人强烈赞同推行覆盖全体国民的医保制度。他们也急切的渴望改善美国的全球形象。关于前者，希拉里克林顿和巴拉克奥巴马都已对选民慨然允诺。而且三位总统候选人都承诺要改善美国形象。毋庸置疑，下一任政府会做出一些重大的举动：比如说关闭关塔那摩湾，采取更严厉的环境监管措施等等。其目的就在于使美国不 再显得那么的“与众不同“。

But look at the 2008 election—the one that is supposed to be changing the direction of the country—and American exceptionalism seems to be as strong as ever. Gordon Brown became Britain's prime minister without a single ordinary Briton casting a vote. John McCain won his party's nomination despite the opposition of a large chunk of his party. Mr Obama is leading an uprising against his party's old establishment.
但是如果你看看正在进行的 2008年总统大选（这 个应该正在改变美国方向的选举），你就会发现美国例外论似乎强健如昔。要记得戈登布朗可是在没有一 个英国老百姓参与投票的情况下，当上了英国首相。而约翰麦凯恩尽管遭遇到共和党内很多党员的反对，却依旧获得了该党的提名。此时的奥巴马正领导着一起针对民主党内旧有势力的“武装暴动”。


The various campaigns have often invoked American exceptionalism, especially the strength of its religious feeling. Mrs Clinton has stressed her credentials as a cradle Methodist who once thought of becoming a minister. Even before the Jeremiah Wright affair, Mr Obama spoke at length about how he found purpose in life when he discovered God. The only odd thing about this election is the fact that the Democratic candidates both seem more comfortable with God-talk than Mr McCain.

总统候选人在五花八门的竞选活动中经常将美国例外论作为谈资，尤其喜欢谈论美国人强烈的宗教意识所具有的力量。克林顿夫人着重强调她生来就是卫理公会派教徒这一资历，她说她甚至曾经考虑过做一名牧师。而奥巴马即使在其牧师杰里迈亚赖特（ Jeremiah Wright）惹起风波之前（注 1），就曾详尽地论述过他是如何在发现上帝时找到人生真谛。在谈及宗教话题时，两位民主党候选人似乎要比共和党人麦凯恩惬 意得多，这可真称得上是奇事一桩。

All three candidates preach a peculiarly American style of patriotism. Mr McCain invokes his military service in Vietnam, when he learnt to depend on something greater than himself. Mr Obama argues that there is not a red America or a blue America but one America united by common values. All three candidates wax lyrical about the American dream. And by European standards all three candidates are strikingly willing to sanction the use of force. Mr McCain sings “Bomb, bomb Iran” to the tune of “Barbara Ann”. Mr Obama talks about sanctioning a search-and-destroy mission in Pakistan without the permission of that country's government. Mrs Clinton said this week that, as president, she would have no qualms about “totally obliterating” Iran if it used nuclear weapons against Israel.

这三位候选人都宣扬一种独特的美国式的爱国主义。麦凯恩喜欢谈论他在越南服兵役时的种种经历，他说正是在那时他学会了依靠比自身更伟大的事物。奥巴马则声称并没有一个所谓的红美国和蓝美国之分，有的只是一个被相同的价值观念连接在一起的美利坚合众国。一旦谈及“美国梦”，这三位都显得那么的文采飞扬。而且这三位候选人都愿意核准使用武力，这无疑会令许多欧洲人对其侧目而视。麦凯恩和着歌曲“芭芭拉安”的曲调高声歌唱“轰炸，轰炸伊朗”。奥巴马称自 己要在未经巴基斯坦政府许可的情况下，授权在其境内展开搜索轰炸行动。克林顿夫人本周说，如果她当选总统，一旦伊朗胆敢对以色列动用核武，她将毫无疑惧的将其从这个星球“彻底抹去”。