考试科目： 918英语专业综合知识

适用专业： 英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学

研究方向： 现当代英美文学、美国文化研究、加拿大文化研究、欧洲文化研究；现代英语及语言理论、英语翻译理论与实践、现代外语教育及教育技术

（试题共  4 页）

（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）

Part One  European and American Cultures (50 points)

I. Explain the following five terms briefly: (10 points)

1. "Obamacare"

2. Watergate Scandal

3. The May Flower Compact

4. Nicolaus Copernicus

5. Socrates

II. Answer each of the following two questions in no more than 150 English words: (20 points)

1. Americans have always believed that government should play a limited role. What are some of the reasons for this belief?

2. What influences did westward movement have on American nation?

III. Answer the following question in no more than 400 English words: (20 points)

What did the Romans have in common with the Greeks? And what were the distinct contributions made by the Romans to European culture?

Part Two  British and American Literature (50 points)

I. Explain any THREE of the following five terms IN ABOUT 50 ENGLISH WORDS each: (15 points)

1. Oscar Wilde

2. Heart of Darkness

3. Iris Murdoch

4. The Last of the Mohicans

5. Black Humor

II. Multiple Choice: ( 15 points )

Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write down your answer on the answer sheet.

1. The poetry of _________ in the 17th century Britain is marked by courtliness, urbanity, and polish.

[A] George Herbert  [B] cavaliers  [C] carpe diem poets  [D] metaphysical poets

2. Mr. Allworthy is a character in a novel by _______ .

[A] Jonathan Swift      [B] Thomas Gray  

[C] Henry Fielding        [D] Charles Dickens

3. Which of the following is NOT directly related to the literature of Modernism in England?

[A] complexity and obscurity      [B] the use of symbols

[C] irony                [D] spontaneity

4. During the 1950s, there appeared in Britain a group of young writers who were fiercely critical of the existing social institution. They were called _________.

[A] Annoyed Young Men     [B] Frustrated Young Men

[C] Unhappy Young Men         [D] Angry Young Men

5. William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 ends with the following line: “So long lives this, and this gives ________ to thee.”

[A] eternity        [B] perpetuity       [C] infinity          [D] life

6. Emperor Jones is a drama written by  ____________.

[A] Tennessee Williams  [B] Arthur Miller  [C] Eugene O’Neill    [D] T.S. Eliot

7. Which one of the following is the author of Rabbit, Run?

[A] Joseph Heller  [B] John Updike  [C] Ernest Hemingway  [D] Richard Wright

8. Which one of the following novels has West Egg Village as a basic setting?

[A] A Farewell to Arms           [B] The Great Gatsby  

[C] The Red Badge of Courage    [D]The Grapes of Wrath

9. Which one of the following is the writer who created the two wicked characters called the duke and the king?

[A] Mark Twain  [B] Nathaniel Hawthorne  [C]Edgar Allan Poe  [D] Stephen Crane

10．Which one of the following writers is known for his novel dealing with the migration of agricultural workers during the Great Depression?

[A]William Faulkner  [B] Scott Fitzgerald  [C] John Steinbeck  [D] Sherwood Anderson

III. Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 ENGLISH WORDS each: (20 points)

1. Briefly comment on Becky Sharp, the heroine in Vanity Fair by William Makepeace Thackeray.

2. Make a comment on John Dos Passos’ novel U.S.A.
Part Three  Linguistics (50 points)

I. Briefly state what you know about the following terms, with examples, when necessary: (10 points)

1. grammatical concord

2. embedding

3. immediate constituent

4. analytic languages

5. directives as a type of speech act

II. Define the following terms with at least two examples: (10 points)

1. Inflectional affix

2. Transparent word

3. Superordinate word

4. Hybrid word

5. Elevation of meaning

III. Explain and correct the errors in the following sentences, using the theory of selection restrictions: (10 points)

1. The gas was issuing an unpleasant smell.

2. We can’t go until all the litter has cleared up.

3. The hypothesis is not able to be sustained.

4. Have customs cleared with these cameras?

5. The teacher cleaned up the hard parts of the story.

IV. Answer the following questions: (10 points)

1. What is the role of context in determination of word meaning?

2.  Why is change of word meaning fundamental in a living language?

V. Please briefly answer the following question IN ABOUT 500 WORDS: (10 points)

According to Paul Grice’s Principle of Cooperation, the conversationalists must give each other truthful information. Or else, the conversation cannot go on. Yet frequently, we find people having dialogs such as this: A man asks a young girl: “How old are you?” The girl replies: “I am eighty!” Certainly the girl is not telling the truth. How do you explain speech phenomena like this?



考试科目： 918英语专业综合知识

适用专业： 英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学

研究方向： 现当代英美文学、美国文化研究、加拿大文化研究、欧洲文化研究；现代英语及语言理论、英语翻译理论与实践、现代外语教育及教育技术

（试题共  4 页）

（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）

Part One  European and American Cultures (50 points)

I.    Explain the following five terms briefly: (10 points)

1. Gulf War

2. Marshall Plan

3. Harlem Renaissance

4. Noah’s Ark

5. Gothic

II. Answer each of the following two questions in no more than 150 English words: (20 points)

1. Please illustrate Martin Luther as more of a humanist than a religious leader.

2. Why are the 1960s-70s in America regarded by some historians as "the decades of change"?

III. Answer the following question in no more than 400 English words: (20 points)

How do you think about Barack Obama’s rise to presidency?

Part Two  British and American Literature (50 points)

I. Explain any THREE of the following five terms IN ABOUT 50 ENGLISH WORDS each: (15 points)

1. John Keats

2. Lord of the Flies

3. William Blake

4. Determinism in American naturalistic fiction

5. Light in August

II. Multiple Choice: ( 15 points )

Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write down your answer on the answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is NOT directly related to the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century?

[A] to promote reason, equality and science

[B] to enlighten people with modern philosophical and artistic ideas

[C] to hold the belief that human beings were unlimited, with infinite potential for intellectual development

[D] to hold the belief that human beings were limited, dualistic, imperfect, and yet capable of rationality and perfection through education.

2. “The Landscape Near an Aerodrome” is a poem by _______ .

[A] Stephen Spender  [B] T. S. Eliot  [C] Robert Browning  [D] Wystan Hugh Auden

3. Which of the following is NOT directly related to the literature of Victorian Age in England?

[A] The growth of urban population resulted in the appearance of a new reading public.

[B] Many libraries were set up so that books were now available to readers who could not afford to buy them.

[C] The plot of novels is unfolded against a social background which is broader than what it had been in previous novels.

[D]Most of the novels were not first published in serial form, that is, by installment, before they were fully published in a single book.

4. One of the most noticeable features of Robert Browning’s poetry is his use of ________.

[A] classical vocabulary      [B] satire

[C] dramatic monologue      [D] exaggeration

5. Which one of the following words is most appropriate when you describe the character of Katherine in Wuthering Heights?

[A] generous  [B] capricious    [C] charitable      [D] frivolous

6. Scott Fitzgerald is a spokesman of the ___________.

[A] Gilded Age  [B] Jazz Age    [C] Frontier Era    [D] American Revolutionary Age

7. Which one of the following writers is a master user of different dialects in his novels?

[A] Henry James  [B] Ralph Waldo Emerson  [C] William Faulkner  [D] Mark Twain

8. Which one of the following novels mainly deals with the psychologically distorted characters?

[A] Martin Eden  [B] The Grapes of Wrath [C] Winesburg, Ohio  [D] The Ambassadors

9. Exaltation of emotion above reason is a principle of ______________.

[A] Romanticism  [B] Realism  [C] Naturalism    [D] Modernism

10．“Grace under pressure” is a typical sign of the _______________.

[A] frontier people    [B] Hemingway’s heroes

[C] early immigrants  [D] struggle for survival

III. Answer the following questions IN ABOUT 150 ENGLISH WORDS each: (20 points)

1. Briefly comment on “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William Wordsworth.

2. Make a comment on Ernest Hemingway’s novel A Farewell to Arms.
Part Three  Linguistics (50 points)

I. State what you know about the following terms IN ONE SENTENCE FOR EACH: (10 points)

1. descriptive adequacy

2. textual function

3. illocutionary act

4. arbitrariness vs. motivation

5. ideal speaker

II. Define the following terms with at least two examples: (10 points)

1.    bound morpheme

2.    blending

3.    stylistic meaning

4.    loanword

5.    homonymy

III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and state briefly the features of English idioms: (10 points)

1.    He likes to let on that he is an expert in electronics.

2.    As soon as they realized that there was likely to be trouble, his companions deserted him and left him to carry the can.

3.    We doubt whether our plan will pass muster.

IV. Answer the following questions: (10 points)

1.    What are the three types of homonyms?

2.  What does pragmatic reasoning mean?.

V. Please briefly answer the following question IN ABOUT 500 WORDS: (10 points)

Some people claim that the Chinese language is a primitive language, too unclear to express ideas in a logical way, while the European languages are much more advanced, able to express clear ideas with their complex inflectional syntactic structures. Do you agree with their ideas? Why or why not?