2019年北京大学外国语学院英语语言文学669专业能力真题回忆版

本站小编 Free考研网/2019-05-28
一，英译中，Character is the highest form of nature…难度比文化与无政府主义低一点，长度一页半，50分

二，中译英，中西文化超越世界和自然世界观不同，西方文化有一道不可逾越的鸿沟，中国文化则讲究天人合一 …篇幅不长，中文字数目测两三百，40分

三，阅读Literature and Ideology，长度三四面左右。第一问文中单词解释，13个，foster，anarchy，antidote，trivia，turbulent，pacify，evaporate，其他不记得了。

第二问怎么理解文中提到两次的social cement，第三问长句中挑了三个词解释refreshingly unhypocritical，disarmingly candid，feeble pretence，然后paraphrase整个句子。第四问长句子，解释句子意思。第五问作文，400-500字，weakness and strength of the ideological approach to English literature study


第二种版本


一：英译汉 50分。
Character is nature in the highest form. It is of no use to ape it or to contend with it. Somewhat is possible of resistance, and of persistence, and of creation, to this power, which will foil all emulation.
This masterpiece is best where no hands but nature\'s have been laid on it. Care is taken that the greatly-destined shall slip up into life in the shade, with no thousand-eyed Athens to watch and blazon every new thought, every blushing emotion of young genius. Two persons lately, very young children of the most high God, have given me occasion for thought. When I explored the source of their sanctity and charm for the imagination, it seemed as if each answered, \'From my nonconformity; I never listened to your people\'s law, or to what they call their gospel, and wasted my time. I was content with the simple rural poverty of my own; hence this sweetness; my work never reminds you of that;--is pure of that.\' And nature advertises me in such persons that in democratic America she will not be democratized. How cloistered and constitutionally sequestered from the market and from scandal! It was only this morning that I sent away some wild flowers of these wood-gods. They are a relief from literature,--these fresh draughts from the sources of thought and sentiment; as we read, in an age of polish and criticism, the first lines of written prose and verse of a nation. How captivating is their devotion to their favorite books, whether Aeschylus, Dante, Shakspeare, or Scott, as feeling that they have a stake in that book; who touches that, touches them;--and especially the total solitude of the critic, the Patmos of thought from which he writes, in unconsciousness of any eyes that shall ever read this writing. Could they dream on still, as angels, and not wake to comparisons, and to be flattered! Yet some natures are too good to be spoiled by praise, and wherever the vein of thought reaches down into the profound, there is no danger from vanity. Solemn friends will warn them of the danger of the head\'s being turned by the flourish of trumpets, but they can afford to smile.
As I have said, Nature keeps these sovereignties in her own hands, and however pertly our sermons and disciplines would divide some share of credit, and teach that the laws fashion the citizen, she goes her own gait and puts the wisest in the wrong. She makes very light of gospels and prophets, as one who has a great many more to produce and no excess of time to spare on any one. There is a class of men, individuals of which appear at long intervals, so eminently endowed with insight and virtue that they have been unanimously saluted as divine, and who seem to be an accumulation of that power we consider. Divine persons are character born, or, to borrow a phrase from Napoleon, they are victory organized.

二：汉译英 40分。
文章感觉很生硬，查了一下大概是复旦大学哲学学院教授张汝伦发表于2018年第03期的《哲学研究》的文章《论“内在超越”》截取的几句话生拉在一起，有的是汉学家余英时的话，有的话是史华兹的……翻译的内容大概如下：

中西文化都认为人间秩序和道德价值的来源是超越性的:西方在柏拉图那里是理型, 在基督教那里是上帝, 而中国便是天。但是, 在处理超越世界与现实世界的关系上, 或用中国的术语说天人关系上, 中西文化迥然两样。西方在超越世界和现实世界之间划下一道不可逾越的鸿沟。而中国人认为“两个世界则是互相交涉, 离中有合合中有离的”。具体而言, 这种不即不离的关系就是超越性的道即在人伦日用之中, 而人伦日用也不能须臾离道。中国人关注的是道德-精神生活主观内在的方面。人能培养自己内在的道德成长能力, 能达到被称为仁的内在道德完善。或者说, 人能在自己身上超越实然趋向应然 (即实现道德行为) 。在此意义上, 社会中伦理的事物是出于人的主体。所谓向内超越, 是指关注道德-精神生活的主观方面。 但这并不是说道德的根据在人的主观性, 更不是说“超越”概念失去了其外在性的含义。除了道德的内在根源外, 始终存在外在的理想社会秩序和正常的自然秩序。

三.阅读 60分
阅读考的是伊格尔顿那本文学理论Literary Theory：An Introduction的第一章The Rise of English节选，外研社影印版19页To speak English Literature这一段开始——22页Like the religion这一段上面那一段结尾结束，内容是文学和意识形态的关系。

1. 13个单词解释，13分。
evaporate pacify foster contemplative equanimity resonance turbulent philistine anarchy menace antidote trivia luminous
2. 几个短语和句子的paraphrase，3分+6分+6分。
第一题考了social cement的含义，在选段的第二段第三段共出现两次，如何理解social cement
第二题考的是paraphrase \"Like all successful ideologies, it works much less by explicit concepts...mythology\"这句话。还有个短语的paraphrase忘了。
第三题是paraphrase \"refreshingly unhypocritical\"
并pharaphase \"Arnold is refreshingly unhypocritical: there is no feeble pretence ...in the least \'disinterested\' \"整句话。
最后是让总结作者的观点，然后就用意识形态批评分析作品的strong points and weak points给出critical response且欢迎用具体文学作品来论述。作文32分。好像要求写450——500字

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