考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。 I. Vocabulary & Grammar (30%)Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. The salesperson________ that his tonic was sure to cure all illnesses.A. proclaimedB. disclosedC. complainedD. confessed2. The Chinese Red Cross _______ a large sum of money to the relief of the physically disabled.A. attributedB. contributedC. distributedD. altitude3. Scientists conclude that nonsmokers who must _______ inhale the air polluted by tobacco smoke may suffer more than the smokers themselves.A. involuntarilyB. instantaneouslyC. spontaneouslyD. reluctantly.4. He is the best investment adviser and ________ can tell you which share you should buy.A. as suchB. as toC. so as toD. such as to5.__________, he does get irritated with her sometimes.A. As he likes her muchB. Much although he likes herC. Though much he likes herD. Much as he likes her6.___________, if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. Would you have been surprised7.As it turned out to be a small house party, we _______ so formally.A. need not have dressed upB. must not have dressed upC. did not need to dress upD. must not dress up8. There was no _______ between the first and the second half of the film. A. logicB.inherenceC. persistenceD. coherence9.The mother said she would ________ her son washing the dishes if she could finish his assignment before supper.A. let downB. let aloneC.let offD. let out10. His promotion has provoked _________ discussion among the staff of law agency.A. apprehensiveB. animatedC. annihilatedD. ameliorated11.There’s a firm distinction between the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages and overindulgence to the point of _______.A. intoxicationB. indulgencyC. introspectionD. intimation12. Most of them had visited the orphan during the past few months, marveling at his ________ spirit and his unfailing good temper.A. variantB. gallantC. pertinentD. solitary13. I did not anticipate reading such a/an _________ discussion of the internationalsituation in the morning newspaper; normally, such a treatment could be found only in scholarly magazine.A. eruditeB. arrogantC. ingeniousD. tenacious14. By the time of the American Revolution there were daily newspapers in most cities and weeklies in smaller towns. Each of them was unafraid to engage in intelligent and often _______ debate on public issues.A. offensiveB. ferventC. intrusiveD. assertive15.The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than ____________.A. is necessaryB. being necessaryC. to be necessaryD. it is necessary16. Smith did the only _______ thing by asking the Indians for food and shelter in their village.A. sensitiveB. sentimentalC. sensibleD. sensational17.The millions of calculations involved, _________by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done18. He will have to _________ his indecent behavior one day.A. answer toB. answer forC. answer backD. answer about19. I want to talk about all these points in ________ order of importance. Let’s first come to the most important one.A. ascendingB. condescendingC. descendingD. transcending20. The _______ of evidence was on the side of the plaintiff since all but one witness testified that his story was correct.A. paucityB. propensityC. bruntD. preponderance21. The children wereso spoiled by her indulgent parents that she pouted and became _______ when she did not receive all of their attention.A. discreetB. elatedC. sullenD. tranquil22. Your _________ tactics may compel me to cancel the contract as the job must be finished on time.A. dilatoryB. offensiveC. repugnantD. infamous23.Mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is ________ with a cold.A. laid asideB. laid byC. laid upD. laid down24.The earnings of women are well below that of men _______ educational differences that are diminishing between the two sexes.A. althoughB. thoughC. despite ofD. in spite of25. __________ in a famed university abroad was what her parents wish for.A. The boy to be cultivatedB. The boy cultivatedC. The boy’s being cultivatedD. The boy was cultivated26. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people and asks them questions ________.A. at lengthB. at randomC. in essenceD. in bulk27. The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was _______ to the issue at hand.A. irrationalB.unreasonableC. invalidD. irrelevant28. Mary is reading ______________.A. a detective old exciting storyB. an old detective exciting storyC. an exciting old detective storyD. an old exciting detective story29.But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare brought them _______ suffering and poverty.A. anything butB. nothing butC. none other thanD. no more than30. The headlights of the approach car were so ________ that the cyclist had to stop riding.A. blazingB. glitteringC. dazzlingD. gleaming
II. Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: This part consists of two sections. In Section A, there are three passages followed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions. In Section B, there is one passage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions. Read the passages and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Section AMultiple-Choice Questions (30%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. As many college graduates are scrambling to find jobs, one of the most important things for graduates to understand is that you’re in school all your life. In fact, your real education is just beginning.I’d like to pass on a few lessons, which weren’t necessarily covered in school. If you’ve been out of school for a few years — or a lot of years — this advice is still for you; consider it a refresher course.Develop relationships and keep networking.If I had to name the single characteristic shared by all the truly successful people I’ve met over a lifetime, I’d say it is the ability to create and nurture a network of contacts. Start strengthening your relationships now, so they’ll be in place when you really need them later. In the classroom it was mostly about your individual performance. Success in real life will require relationships. Who you know determines how effectively you can apply what you know. So stay in touch.Find advisors and mentors.Advisors will not be assigned to you, as in school. You should actively seek your own mentors. And remember, mentors change over a lifetime. Start connecting with people you respect who can help you get a leg up in each aspect of your life, personal and professional. Make it as easy and convenient as possible for them to talk with you, and always look for ways to contribute to their success, too.Build your reputation.Nothing is more important than a good reputation in building a successful career or business. If you don’t have a positive reputation, it will be difficult to be successful. All it takes is one foolish act to destroy a reputation.Set goals.Ask any winner what their keys to success are, and you will hear four consistent messages: vision, determination, persistence and setting goals. If you don’t set goals to determine where you’re going, how will you know when you get there? Goals give you more than a reason to get up in the morning; they are an incentive to keep you going all day. Most important, goals need to be measurable, identifiable, attainable, specific and in writing.Get along with people.Ask recruiters from various companies to name the number one skill necessary for new hires, and many of them will say it’s the ability to get along with people. Co-workers share office space, facilities, break rooms, refrigerators and coffee pots. They arrive together, take breaks together, eat lunch together and meet to solve problems together. All this closeness and familiarity can wear thin at times. Everyone shares responsibility for making the company work, run smoothly and stay profitable.Be happy. We are all responsible for our own happiness. Don’t waste time and energy being unhappy. When people aren’t happy doing what they do, they don’t do it as well. Life will always be filled with challenges and opportunities. Both are best faced with a positive attitude.Smile. A smile should be standard equipment for all people. I learned years ago that one of the most powerful things you can do to have influence over others is to smile at them. Everything seems much easier with a smile.Sense of humor.I’m a firm believer in using humor –not necessarily jokes. A good sense of humor helps to overlook the unbecoming, understand the unconventional, tolerate the unpleasant, overcome the unexpected and outlast the unbearable. There are plenty of times to be serious, but I believe that keeping things light and comfortable encourages better teamwork.Be yourself. We all have areas that need a little work, but accepting who we are and making the most of our good points will take us much farther than trying to be someone we aren’t. Be content with your abilities and comfortable enough in your own skin to trust your gut.Volunteer.It might be hard to do a lot of volunteer work at first, but people who help other people on a regular basis have a healthier outlook on life. They are more inclined to be go-getters and consistently report being happier. Volunteering is good for everyone.31. What is the single characteristic Harvey MacKay says is shared by all the truly successful people he has met?A. Having a network of contactsB. Having goalsC. Being happyD. Having a sense of humor32. What is the number one skill necessary for new hires?A. Being happyB. Knowing office politicsC. Getting along with peopleD. Always asking questions33. What should you actively seek after you’ve been out of school for a few years?A. JobsB. MentorsC. Funny peopleD. Volunteers34. The four consistent messages of winners are vision, determination, persistence and ________.A. setting goalsB. showing upC. working hardD. being happy35. Who has a healthier outlook on life?A. VolunteersB. MentorsC. RecruitersD. Advisors
Passage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Eating is related to emotional as well as physiologic needs. Sucking, which is the infant’s means of gaining both food and emotional security,conditions the association of eating with well-being or with deprivation. If the child is breast-fed and has supportive body contact as well as good mild intake, if the child is allowed to suck for as long as he or she desires,and if both the child and the mother enjoy the nursing experience and share their enjoyment, the child is more likely to shrive both physically and emotionally. On the other hand, if the mother is nervous and resents the child or cuts him/her off from the milk supply before either the child’s hunger or sucking need is satisfied, or handle the child hostilely during the feeding, or props the baby with a bottle rather than holding the child, the child may develop physically but will begin to show signs of emotional disturbance at an early age. If, in addition, the infant is further abused by parental indifference or intolerance, he or she will carry scars of such emotional deprivation throughout life.Eating habits are also conditioned by family and other psychosocial environments. If an individual’s family eats large quantities of food, then he or she is inclined to eat large amounts. If an individual’s family eats mainly vegetable, then he or she will be inclined to like vegetables. If mealtime is a happy and significant event, then the will tend to think of eating in those terms. And if a family eats quickly, without caring what is being eaten and while fighting at the dinner table, then the person will most likely adopt the same eating pattern and be adversely affected by it. This conditioning to food can remain unchanged through a lifetime unless the individual is awakened to the fact of conditioning and to the possible need for altering his or her eating patterns in order to improve nutritional intake. Conditioning spills over into and is often reinforced by religious beliefs and other customs,so that, for example, a Jew, whose religion forbids the eating of pork, might have guilt feeling if he or she ate pork. An older Roman Catholic might be conditioned to feel guilty if he or she eats meat on Friday, traditionally a fish day.36. A well-breast-fed child ______.A. tends to associate foods with emotionsB. is physiologically and emotionally satisfiedC. cannot have physiologic and emotional problemsD. is more likely to have his or her needs satisfied in the future37. While sucking, the baby is actually ______.A. conscious of the impact of breast-feedingB. interacting with his or her mother C. creating a nursing environmentD. impossible to be abused38. A bottle-fed child ______.A. can be healthy physiologically, but not emotionallyB. cannot avoid physiologic abuse through lifeC. is deprived of emotional needsD. is rid of physiological needs39. From the list of eating habits, we learn that ______.A. everyone follows his or her eating pattern to deathB. one’s eating pattern varies with his or her personalityC. there is no such things as psychosocial environmentsD. everyone is born into a conditioned eating environment 40. A Jew or an older Roman Catholic______.A. takes an eating habit as a religious beliefB. is conditioned to feel guilty of eating pork in his or her familyC. cannot have a nutritional eating habit conditioned by religion beliefsD. observes an eating pattern conditioned by his or her psychosocial environment
Passage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Experts say distracted walking is a growing problem, as people of all ages become more dependent on electronic devices for personal and professional matters. They also note pedestrian deaths have been rising in recent years. In 2005, 11% of all US deaths involved pedestrians, but that number rose to 15% in 2014.The rise in deaths coincides with states introducing bills that target pedestrians. Some states, such as Hawaii, Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada and New York, continue to introduce legislation every year.The measure recently introduced by New Jersey assembly woman Pamela Lampitt would ban walking while texting and prohibit pedestrians on public roads from using electronic communication devices unless they are hands-free. Violators would face fines of up to $50, 15-day imprisonment or both, which is the same penalty as jaywalking. Half of the fine would be allocated to safety education about the dangers of walking while texting, said Lampitt.Some see the proposal as an unnecessary government overreach, while others say they understand Lampitt’s reasoning. But most agree that people need to be made aware of the issue. “Distracted pedestrians, like distracted drivers, present a potential danger to themselves and drivers on the road,” Lampitt said. “An individual crossing the road distracted by their smartphone presents just as much danger to motorists as someone jaywalking and should be held, at minimum, to the same penalty.”The main question raised about the measure, though, is whether it can be enforced consistently by police officers who usually have more pressing matters to deal with. Some feel that rather than imposing a new law, the state should focus on distracted-walking education. Lampitt said the measure is needed to stop and penalize “risky behavior”. She cited a National Safety Council report that showed distracted-walking incidents involving cellphones accounted for an estimated 11,101 injuries from 2000 through 2011.The study found a majority of those injured were female and most were 40 or younger. Talking on the phone was the most prevalent activity at the time of injury, while texting accounted for 12%. Nearly 80% of the injuries occurred as the result of a fall, while 9% occurred from the pedestrian striking a motionless object.41. This passage is mainly concerned with _____. A. the difficulty in enforcing road regulations B. rising deaths caused by distracted walking C. the dangers of jaywalking on busy streetsD. distracted walking involving smartphones42. The states introducing bills that target pedestrians ________. A. have benefited from the bills　B. find it hard to carry them out C. have been promoting the legislationD.will have fewer deaths of pedestrians43. According to the measure proposed by Lampitt, walking while texting would ______. A. become illegalB. involve safety education C. be blamed publiclyD. incur a fine of over $5044. Lampitt reasons that distracted pedestrians are as dangerous as ________. A. motoristsB. speeding driversC. jaywalkersD. drunk drivers45. Which of the following would the author of the passage most probably agree with? A. Males are more vulnerable to distracted-walking injures. B. Police officers are unhappy with the proposed law. C. Safety education is more important than penalty. D. Rising distracted-walking incidents call for real attention.
Section BShort-Answer Questions (10%)Passage 4Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:A snow leopard roars in the high mountains of Asia. A black rhinoceros gallops across the plains of Africa. A grizzly bear hunts for fish in a North American river. A mother blue whale and her calf glide through the deep waters of the ocean.All of these animals share the Earth with us. They fascinate us with their beauty, their grace, and their speed. We love observing their behavior, and learning more about their habits. But just loving them is not enough. All of these animals are endangered. Many of them have died, and without special care, they may someday disappear from the Earth.Why is it important to care for animals like these? One reason is to protect the balance of life on Earth. Another reason is the beauty of the animals themselves. Each species of animal is special. Once it is gone, it is gone forever.Africa was once filled with an abundance of wild animals. But that is changing fast. One of these animals, the black rhinoceros, lives on the plains of Africa. It has very poor eyesight and a very bad temper! Even though the black rhino is powerful, and can be dangerous, its strength can’t always help it to escape hunters. Some people think that the rhino’s horn has magical powers, and many hunters kill rhinos for their valuable horns. This has caused the black rhino to be placed on the endangered species list.The elephant seems to represent all that is strong and wild in Africa. It once had no natural enemies, but is now endangered–killed for its ivory tusks.The fastest land animal, the cheetah, also lives in Africa. It, too, is becoming extinct as people take over more and more of the land that is the cheetah's naturalhabitat.Imagine Africa without the powerful rhino, the gentle, intelligent elephant, or the lightning quick cheetah. Once they are gone, they are gone forever.Wherever people are careless about the land, there are endangered species.Grizzly bears like to wander great distances. Each bear needs up to 1,500 square miles of territory to call its homeland. Today, because forests have been cleared to make room for people, the grizzly’s habitat is shrinking and the grizzly is disappearing. It joins other endangered North American animals, such as the red wolf and the American crocodile.In South America, destruction of the rain forest threatens many animals. Unusual mammals, such as the howler monkey and the three-toed sloth, are endangered. Beautiful birds like the great green macaw and the golden parakeet are also becoming extinct. They’re losing their homes in the rain forest, and thousands die when they are caught and shipped off to be sold as exotic pets.The giant panda of Asia is a fascinating and unique animal. Yet there are only about 1,000 still living in the wild. The giant panda’s diet consists mainly of the bamboo plant, so when the bamboo forests die, so does the panda. China is now making an effort to protect these special creatures from becoming extinct.Asia’s big cats are also in trouble. The exotic snow leopard lives high in the mountains. Even there, it faces the loss of its natural habitat, and hunters who kill it for its fur. The tiger, the largest of all the big cats, is hunted merely for sport.Ocean-dwelling animals are in danger of extinction as well. The blue whale is the largest animal in the world. It weighs up to 390,000 pounds. Whale hunting and pollution are this species’ greatest enemies.Unfortunately, it is people who cause many of the problems that animals face. We alter and pollute their habitats. We hunt them for skins, tusks, furs, and horns. We destroy animals that get in the way of farming or building. And we remove them from their natural habitats and take them home as pets.What can you do to help endangered animals? Learn as much as you can about them. The more you know, the more you can help. Make an effort to support zoos and wildlife groups. Many zoos breed endangered animals, helping to ensure that they will continue to live on. Contribute to groups, such as the National Wildlife Federation and the Sierra Club, that work hard to protect animals. You can also be a smart shopper and never buy a pet that has been raised in the wilderness.The world is made up of many living things, and each thing is dependent on the others to survive. If we allow even one species on Earth to become extinct, it has an impact on other living things and changes our world. When we mention any endangered wild animals, let’s hope that we never again have to say, “Gone forever” .
46. What is an antonym for the word “fascinate” (Paragraph 2)?47. What does the word “habitat” (Paragraph 6) mean?48. What does the author mean by the balance of life on Earth? Why is it important?49. Is the author effective in persuading the reader that protecting endangered animals is important? Why or why not?50. How does the author feel about the fate of endangered animals?
III. Writing (30%)Directions:In this part you are going to write an essay of about 400-500 words within 60 minutes on the following topic. Write your essay on the Answer Sheet.
How to Live Better in the WorldIn order to live better in the world, some people give priority to obtaining financial gains. Others, however, seek to derive meaning out of life elsewhere, thinking that material possessions cannot buy happiness. Analyze these stances and raise your own point of view. State your thesis clearly and elaborate on it by citing evidences, examples and reasoning to develop your argument.考研高分咨询罗老师电话/微信：**咨询QQ：**