考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。 Part ICloze (10 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Culture is a way of life. It is the____1____within which we exist, think, feel, and relate to others. It is the “glue”that ____2____a group of people together. Culture might also ____3____the ideas, customs, skills, arts, and tools that characterize a given group of people in a ____4____period of time. But culture is ____5____the sum of its parts. “It is a system of integrated patterns, most of which remain below the threshold of consciousness, yet all of ____6____govern human behavior just as surely as the manipulated strings of a puppet control its motions”(Condon 1973:4). The fact that no society exists ____7____a culture reflects in human beings. Consider the ____8____host of confusing and contradictory facts and propositions and ideas that present ____9____every day to any human being; some organization of these facts____10____necessaryto provide some order to potential chaos, and ____11____conceptual networks of reality evolve within a group of people for such organization. The mental constructs that enable us thus____12____are a way of life that we call “culture.”Culture establishes ____13____each person a context of cognitive and affective behavior, a template for personal and social existence. But we ____14____perceive reality within the context of our own culture, a reality that is ____15____defined. The meaningful universe in which each human being ____16____is not a universal reality, but ‘a category of reality’____17____selectively organized features ____18____significant by the society in which he lives”(Condon 1973:17). ____19____the opportunities for the world travel in the last several decades have increased markedly, there is still a ____20____for us to believe that our own reality is the “correct”perception.1. A. conditionB. contextC. continentD. concept2. A. droveB. derivesC. bindsD. brought3. A. be defined asB. characterizeasC. be taught asD. regard as4. A. givingB. gaveC. giveD. given5. A. more thanB. much more aboutC. much less aboutD. less than6. A. themB. itC. whichD. thesystem7. A. withB. withoutC. withinD. which8. A. bewilderB. being bewilderedC. bewilderedD. bewildering9. A. itselfB. himselfC. themselvesD. yourselves10. A.areB. isC. beenD. be11. A. thereforeB. as a result ofC. howeverD. though12. A. surviveB. having survivedC. survivingD. to survive13. A. ofB. forC.aboutD. at14. A. wantB. tend toC. would likeD. are devoted to15. A. empiricB. empiricalC. empiricallyD. empiricism16. A. being existedB. existingC. existedD. exists17. A. consisting ofB. making up of C. composing ofD. making from18. A. seenB. viewedC. consideredD. regarded19. A. SinceB. AlthoughC. No matterD. If20. A. declineB. inclineC. tendencyD. temptationPart IIReading Comprehension Section A (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Personality is, to large extent, inherent --A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to theparents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides,the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying:"Rejoice, we conquer!"By far the worst form of competition in school is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B’s. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistaketo choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged.21. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually________.A) impatientB)considerate C) aggressiveD)agreeable22.The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because ________.A) the pressure is too great on the studentsB) some students are bound to failC) the results of examinations are doubtfulD) failure rates are too high23. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________.A) candidates’sensitivityB) competitivespiritC) academic achievementsD) surer values24. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________. A) the personality of a child is well established at birthB) family influencedominates the shaping of one’s characteristicsC) B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive societyD) the development of one’s personality is due to multiple factors25. The best title for this article is____________.A) Cooperation of Inherence and EnvironmentB) Effects of EnvironmentC) Competition in School D) Personality AcquisitionQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage：In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m.. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’s a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes lateis expected to make a short apology, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. 26. In the sentence “The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m.”, here “attached”means ___________.A) takenB) drawnC) givenD) shown27. Supposing one wants to make a telephone call at midnight, this would mean____________.A) thematter is less importantB) the matter is somewhat importantC) the matter requires immediate attentionD) it is a matter of life and death28. According to this passage, time plays an important role in _____________.A) everyday lifeB) private lifeC)communicationD) transmission29. The best title for this passage is ______________.A) The Voices of TimeB) The Saving of TimeC) The Importance of an AnnouncementD) Time and Tide Wait for No Man30.Which one is correct about the meaning of time for Americans according to this text?A)There’s no need to make an explanation if one is late less than five minutes.B)People seldom send invitations three of four days before a party.C) People take the early morning and late night as the most importantperiods of a day.D) To arrive a little earlier in a business date is very polite.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world’s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth’s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth’s interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deep fissures(cracks): in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).31.The author believes that ________.A) the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earth’s interiorB) the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be trueC) the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directionsD) the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart32. That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that ________.A) the two continents are still moving in opposite directionsB) they have been found to share certain geological featuresC) the African plates has been stable for 30 million yearsD) over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe33. The hot-spot theory may prove useful in explaining ________.A) the structure of the African platesB) the revival of dead volcanoesC) the mobility of the continentsD) the formation of new oceans34. The passage is mainly about ________.A) the features of volcanic activitiesB) the importance of the theory about drifting platesC) the significance of hot spots in geophysical studiesD) the process of the formation of volcanoes35. Which movement of the two continents is not mentioned in the article?A) Two continents were joined.B) One continent is stationary while the other drifting.C) Two continents move in reverse direction.D) Two continents move in the same direction.Questions 36to 40are based on the following passage.Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don’t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term “substance” is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse”to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.Druggs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifestation”) because they seemed to radically alter one‘s state of consciousness.36. “Substances abuse” (Para.1) is preferable to “drug abuse” in that _________. A) substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally usedB) drug abuse is only related to a limited number of drugtakersC) alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaineD) many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous37. The word “pervasive”(Paragraph 2) might mean ________.A) widespread B) overwhelming C) piercing D) fashionable38. Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________.A) uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of timeB) exclusive use of them for social purposesC) quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseasesD) careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms39. From the last paragraph we can infer that ________.A) stimulants function positively on the mindB) hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to healthC) depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substancesD) the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groups40. Once one was dependent on a kind of substance, he/she_________.A) would require more and more substanceB) could recover and never need the substance againC) would feel unpleasant withmore of the substanceD) must have the substance everydaySection B (20 points)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet.How to make your 9 to 5 office work more enjoyable?
There isno shortage of internet articles proclaiming the end of the 9 to 5 working week. But,(41)the reality for many of us is that our job is hard work, repetitive and often not particularly interesting. If you have to trudge into the office 9-5, 5 days a week, these are some suggestions to make work less of a burden and more enjoyable.Maintain good relationships with othersThe problem with an office environment is that you have no choice of the people you work with. (42)If your relationships with these people sour, it can make work a real pain. Therefore, work hard to maintain reasonable relationships with your work colleagues.Don’t harshly criticize others, even if they deserve it. Don't take criticism too personally. Avoid arguments with loud and obnoxious people. If you find it difficult to get along with someone, force yourself to remember some positive quality that person has—You may be surprised at how much the situation is improved.Be detached from the stress of your companyMany Companies have ambitious sales targets and profit margins. A corporate philosophy such as this can easily create a pressured work environment for their employees. However, you should feel that it is not your responsibility to take on this stress.(43)Why should you needlessly suffer so that the company can pay a higher dividend to its shareholders?Do a good job, but don't feel obliged to sacrifice your own equanimity for the excessive demands of your company.Don’t feel guilty for problems that are not of your own makingOne of the most difficult aspects of work is dealing with customer complaints. These complaints are often not your fault, but it is you who have to suffer.(44)It is important to rememberthatit is not your fault that your company is understaffed or trying to cut corners.In these situations we should never feel guilty, but, calmly and politely direct customers to the right channels for complaining.Spend 10% of your time doing something productive for yourselfIf work is boring there is a temptation to waste time reading, surfing the internet, and participating in unproductive social networking.(45)The situation is so commonplace that many employers resort to banning Facebook,etc. However, rather than surfing aimlessly why not do something productive? For example, developing a blog, and finding an alternative income source to your current job. Part IIIWritingSection A (10 points)Directions:○You have been on holiday with some friends recently.○Write a letterto a foreignfriend aboutTWOunpleasant things that happened during the holiday.○ Write yourletter on theanswer sheet, using about 100 words.
DearI arrivedhere a week ago.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Section B(20 points)Directions:Write a composition with 160 to 200 words on the topic Is Having a College Education and a Degree Important Today?according to the following outline:1. Give an introduction.2. Explain advantages and disadvantages to seeking a college degree as opposed to beginning work after high school.3. What is your point of view? 考研高分咨询罗老师电话/微信：**咨询QQ：**