Part I LinguisticsI. Give the definitions of the following terms. (20 scores)
1. code-switching2. arbitrariness3. morpheme4. parole5. assimilation6. concord7. register8. inflection9. deep structure10. indirect speech actⅡ. Choose the correct answers. (20 scores)1. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as_____linguistics.A. applied B. diachronic C. comparative D. synchronic2. Which of the following sounds is a low front lax spread vowel?A. [a] B. [æ] C. [i] D. [e]3. Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ________ in 1957.A. L. Bloomfield B. F. Saussure C. N. Chomsky D. M. A. K. Halliday4. The word “globalization” is created by the _____ process.A. invention B. blending C. derivation D. compound5. The semantic components of the word “girl” can be expressed as _________.A.＋human,＋male,－adult B.＋human,－male,－adultC.＋human,＋male,＋adult D.＋human,－male,－adult6. In “Please pass me the salt”, the predicate is a ______predicate.A. One-place B. Two-place C. Three-place D. No-place7. Which of the following take the social context into consideration?A. Universal grammar. B. performanceC. functional grammar D. Nativist theory8. What kind of function does the sentence “Nice to meet you” have?A. Directive B. Phatic C. Informative D. Evocative9. In “老师是园丁，桃李满天下”，there are_______conceptual metaphor(s).A. 1 B. 2 C. none D.310. --Do you like cheese?-- Of course, and the cat likes carrot.The answer violates the maxim of ______.A. quality B. quantity C. relevance D. mannerIII. True or False questions. (10 scores)1. Allophones in complementary distribution are free allophones .2. Every speaker has his own preferred expressions and special ways of expressing hisideas in language. This variety of individual users is called social dialect.3. Animals cannot talk about the things except those about food, danger, enemy, etc.because the communicative signals of animals do not have the property ofdisplacement.4. Connotative meaning of the same word may vary from individual to individual.5. Perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention.6. “He broke the window” entails “the window was damaged”.7. Pidgin is a kind of interlanguage.8. “Under the table" is a subordinate endocentric construction.9. The smallest free unit in English is morpheme .10. According to IC analysis, single words and complete sentences are constituents.IV. Answer the following questions. (30 scores)1. Why is there no direct relations between signifier and signified in the semantictriangle? (6 scores)2. Is it justified to say that the meaning of a sentence is composed only of word senseand grammatical sense? (6 scores)3. Explain with examples the different types of antonyms in English. (6 scores)4. Explain the difference between homograph and polysemy with examples. (6 scores)5. Analyze the following sentences with IC analysis (6 scores)The hunters shot the rabbit with guns.The boy might lose his way.The dog went down the stairs and out of the door.V. Discussion. (10 scores)Illustrate the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis with examples.Part Two LiteratureI. Matching (16 scores)Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II. (8 scores)Column I Column II1. Theodore Dreiser A. The Scarlet Letter2. Eugene O’Neill B. Sister Carrie3. Herman Melville C. Women in Love4. William Faulkner D. Light in August5. Virginia Woolf E. The Hairy Ape6. G. B. Shaw F. Tom Jones7. Joseph Heller G. Moby Dick8. D. H. Laurence H. To the LighthouseI. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionJ. Catch-22Section B Identify the works from which the quotations are from. (8 scores)Column I Column II9. It is a truth universally acknowledged that A. The Portrait of a Ladya single man in possession of good fortunemust be in want of a wife. B. Hamlet10. A man is not made for defeat. A man can bedestroyed but not defeated. C. A Tale of Two Cities11. Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,and sorry I could not travel both. D. “The Road Not Taken”12. I was on his grave, my friends, that I resolved,before God, that I would never own another E. “Stopping by Woods on aslave, while it is possible to free him; that Snowy Evening”nobody, through me, should ever run the riskof being parted from home and friends, and F. “Ode to the West Wind”dying on a lonely plantation, as he died.13. If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind. G. “Of Studies”14. Reading maketh a full man; conference a readyman; and writing an exact man. H. Uncle Tom’s Cabin15. To be, or not to be—that is the question.16. It was the best of times, it was the worst I. Pride and Prejudiceof times; it was an age of wisdom, it wasthe age of foolishness; it was the epoch of J. Tom Sawyerbelief, it was the epoch of incredulity. . .II. Explain the following literary terms. (20 scores)17. Expressionism18. The Beat Generation19. The Graveyard School20. Heroic Couplet21. Black HumorIII. Read the quoted passages and answer the questions following them. (24 scores)Passage 1Do you think I will stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am anautomaton? A machine without feelings? And can bear to have my morsel of breadsnatched from my lip, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think,because I am poor, obscure, plain and little, I’m soulless and heartless? You think wrong!I have as much soul as you, and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me somebeauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is nowfor me to leave you. I’m not talking to you now through the medium of custom,conventionality, nor even of mortal flesh; it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just asif both had passed through the grave, and we stood at the God’s feet, equal, as we are!Questions: From which work is the passage selected? And who is the author of thiswork? What are the names of the hero and heroine? What point of view is adopted inthis novel? Please comment on the image of the heroine or the theme of the novel withfeminism.Passage 2When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomerby Walt WhitmanWhen I heard the learn’d astronomer,When the proofs, the figures, were ranged in columns before me,When I was shown the charts and diagrams, to add, divide, and measure them,When I sitting heard the astronomer where he lectured with much applause inthe lecture-room,How soon unaccountable I became tired and sick,Till rising and gliding out I wander’d off by myself，In the mystical moist night-air, and from time to time，Look’d up in perfect silence at the stars.Questions: Manifest details of the astronomer’s lecture and the poet’s response to it.How is the poet’s view on stars different from that of the astronomer? Present variousmeanings they have about universe because of their different perspectives.