中国农业科学院2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题(附答案解析)(2)

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1. Translate the following passage into Chinese.

Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realiza tion of other human rights. The Committee has been confronted continually with the widespread denial of the right to water in developing as well as developed countries. Over I billion persons lac k access to a basic water supply, while several billion do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is the

primary cause of water contamination and diseases linked to water. The continuing contaminatio n, depletion and unequal distribution of water is exacerbating existing poverty. States have to ado pt effective measures to realize, without discrimination, the right to water.

2. Translate the following passage into English.

和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。 维护世界和平, 加强友好合作, 促进共同发展是各国人 民的共同愿望。当前,贫困、失业、难民、犯罪、人口膨胀、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主 义等问题仍然严峻, 影响着全球的稳定与发展。 中国与西方国家虽然国情不同, 但在一系列 重大国际问题上具有广泛一致的利益。 我对中国同西方各国关系的改善与发展感到高兴。 中 国政府和人民愿在相互新生和平等互利的基础上, 同包括西方国家在内的世界各国政府和人 民一道,为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。

Ⅴ . Composition ( 35 minutes; 15 points )

Directions. Write an essay of about 200 words on the topic given below: Desire is perhaps the str ongest drive to progress. But everyone has his/her own understanding of it. There has been a disc ussion recently on the issue. Write an essay to the newspaper to

1. show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below, 2. give a specific exam ple, and

3. give your suggestion as to treat one’s desire.

中国农业科学院考博英语真题 2005答案解析

Ⅰ Vocabulary Part A 1.C 译文:景色太美了, 超出了我的描述能力所能描述的。 解 析:transport 运输; transfer 转让; transcend 超越,超出; transform 转变。 2.A 译文:校长在演讲开始时称赞了女孩的勇敢。 解析:applaud 称赞; enhance 加强; elevate 提升; clap 鼓掌。 3.D 译文:“黄色” 的字面意思是一种颜色 , 但它也可以表示 “怯懦地” 的意思。 解析:literal meaning 字面意思。 4.C 译文:很多人认为公共意识的标 准下降了。 解析:固定短语, public awareness公共意识。 Morality 道德; rightness 正 义; mentality 心态。 5.B 译文:人们惊讶地发现他有能力控制他所参与的所有事情。 解析:precede 领先; dominate 控制, 支配; pervade 弥漫; denominate 取名, 称为。 6.B 译 文:他们的反应如此不同的事实反应了他们个性上的差异。 解析:performance 表现; personality 个性,性格; quality 质量; debut 初次登台。 7.C 译文:这个要可以减轻胃痛。 解析:ascertain 查明,探知; agitate 煽动; alleviate 减轻,缓和; allocate 分配。 8.B 译文:这栋公寓估价 50, 000美元,它的主人决定卖掉它。 解析:automate 自动化; assess 评定,估价; assert 维护,坚持; avenge 报仇。 9.A 译文:部长嘱咐所有的官员交税。 解析:bid 吩咐,嘱咐; bless 保佑; bark 吠叫,咆哮; baffle 使困惑。 10.B 译文:人死时, 要在遗产分配前把他的债还清。 解析:paradox 矛盾; legacy 遗产; platitude 陈腐, 平凡; analogy 类比。 Section B 11.D 译文:游客从远方聚集而来看首都的景色。 解 析:根据题意,只有 D “ gather ”的意思与“ flock 聚集”相近。 12.B 译文:他说了太多的 谎言, 我们再也不会相信他说的话了。 解析:根据题意可知 reliance 的意思为 “信任” , 所以与之意思相近的就是 B 。 13.D 译文:石油可以彻底地改变社会,这种程度超过了人们 所能想象得到的。 解析:根据题意 drastically 表示 “彻底地’ 。 grossly 很, 非常; severely 严重地; rapidly 快速地; radically 彻底得。 四个选项中只有 D 与 drastically 意思相近。 14.B 译文:经济困难时期,政府的教育预算通常会在其他预算之前被削减。 解析:根据题 意知 slash 的意思为“削减” ,所以 B “ cut ”的意思与之相近 15.A 译文:现代的打印设备可 以很快打印出文本和图片的副本。 解析:根据题意知 duplicate 意为“副本的,复制 的” ,四个备选项 identical 完全相同 的; double 两倍的; illustrated 有插图的; legible 清晰 的。利用常识,我们知道打印机打出的副本都是完全相同的,所以与 duplicate 意思相近的 是 A. 16.C 译文:当她最小的孩子离开家时,她有一种急切的需要去填补她的时间。 解析:根据题意知 pressing 意为“急切的” ,所以只有 C “ urgent 紧急的,急迫的” 与之 意思相近。 17.D 译文:表演艺术家的任务是诠释而非改变印在纸上的音乐的音符。

解析:根据题意知 alter 的意思为“改变” ,四个选项中 omit 省略; reproduce 复制,繁 殖; compose 写作,构成; change 改变。所以与 alter 意思相近的是 D 。

18.B 译文:当高空卫星携带有伽马射线和其他放射物质的探测器时,飞机和火箭可以用来 收集放射性碎片。

解析:diffusion 扩散; remains 残余; glitter 闪光; transfer 转移。根据题意,可知答案 为 B 。

19.C 译文:尽管因为多年的为国家服务而变得精疲力竭了, 华盛顿还是接受美国总统一职。 解析:worn out在题目中的意思为“精疲力竭” ,四个选项中只有 C “ exhausted ”表达 此意。

20.D 译文:对于因观点相投而选择彼此成为朋友的法国人而言,活跃的争论和尖锐的论断 是他们生活不可缺少的部分。

解析:根据题目知 congeniality 意为“意气相投” ,四个选项中 coexistence 共存; coincidence 巧合; correlation 相关; compatibility 相容。结合四个选项的意思,只有 D 与 congeniality 的意思最相近。

Ⅱ Cloze Test 21.答案 C

解析:上一句提到“盐的使用方式在历史上有很多种” ,那么接下来的空根据文意可知是表 示“历史证明” 。 historical evidence即表示“历史证明、史实” ,而 historic表示“有历史意 义的” 。 22.答案 B 解析:根据四个备选项中的单词,可知该空表示的“咸鱼,腌鱼” ,咸鱼 的英语表达为“ salted fish” 。 23.答案 B

解析:根据该空句子的意思:如果偷盐的时候被抓, 就要坐牢。 四个选项中:arrest 表示 “根 据法律或命令进行逮捕并予以监禁或拘留” ; catch 是普通用词,表示“被抓住,逮 着” ; be seized 表示“被查封的” ;所以答案为 B 。 24.答案 C

解析:上一句提到人们在偷盐的时候被抓就要坐牢, 那么这一空的句子的意思就是 “有那么 多的人坐牢的原因是因为偷盐” 。四个选项中可以表示原因的是 C 。 25.答案 A

解析:根据该空后一句的意思,可知盐除了用在餐桌上,还可以用在制玻璃、飞机零件等。 四个选项中:besides 除„之外,还; beyond 超越; except 把„除外;只有 besides 符合题意, 所以答案为 A 。 26.答案 C

解析:根据 “ crops ” 和选项中的内容, 可知该空表达的是 “庄稼的种植” , 所以答案为 C 。 27.答案 C 解析:通过常识,我们知道在布料上撒盐可以防止掉色,所以四个选项中只有 preserve colors 表达的是“保护颜色,防止掉色”的意思。 28.答案 B

解析:该空要是填比较级,应该是 the most common processes.所以排除 D 。根据 processes 可知答案为 B ,因为 little ,much修饰不可数名词。 29.答案 D

解析:根据该空前面的内容:盐可以从地下矿井、大海,咸水湖、小型海甚至是从盐性灌木 中获得。这些都是获得盐的地方。所以该空表达的是“无论在哪里得到盐” ,四个选项中表 示“无论哪里”的意思是 wherever 。 30.答案 D

解析:play an important role in 在„扮演着重要作用。

Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Part A

Passage one 31.答案 C

解 析 :根 据 第 一 段 第 一 句 Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asia\'s deadly bird flu virus,可知 国际会议的主题是禽流感,所以答案为 C 。 32.答案 B

解 析 :根 据 第 四 段 的 第 一 句 Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures,可知 B 的表述是正确的。 33.答案 D

解析:根据题意, 在文章第四段和第五段均提到了 A , B,C 三项的内容, 只有 D 没有提到。 34.答 案 A 解 析 :最 后 一 段 “ The virus has yet to mutate into a form that can be transmitted between humans.该病毒还没 有变异成可以砸人之间传染的形式。 ”根据此意,可知 A 对。 35.答案 D

解 析 :根 据 文 章 的 中 心 句 “ Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asia\'s deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting t he disease.” ,可知只有 D 最适合作为文章的题目。

Passage two 36.答案 B 解析:根据题干中的“ in a vague way” ,我们可以定位在第一段的 “ The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex反基督教的情绪是很复杂的” , “ On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries; there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders; there was a virile tradition of ethnocentrisms” , 在这句话中连续提到了三个反基督教的可能因 素, 可知这种反基督教的因素并不是单一的, 也不是固定的。 所以它其实源于一种对基督教 比较普遍而又不有点茫然的情绪,所以答案为 B 。 37.答案 B

解 析 :根 据 第 一 段 “ there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders onl y tangentially attributable to the West,替与西方影响无关的内部混乱寻找外部替罪羊是一种 可理解的倾向” ,可知中国内部的很多问题并不是西方因素引起的,符合此意的只有 B 。 38.答案 A

解 析 :根 据 第 一 段 “ there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism” , 这句话中 “ virile 男性的” 的意思等同于 “ manly ” , 所以 A 是正确的,另外根据“ against Indian Buddhism”可知 C 错,而 B 的内容在文章并无 体现。 39.答案 D

解 析 :第 二 段 的 最 后 提 到 “ Missionaries, particularly Catholics, frequently, assumed the garb of the Confucian literati. The y were the only persons at the local level, aside from the gentry who were permitted to communi cate with the authorities as social equals, and they enjoyed an extraterritorial status in the interio r that gave them greater immunity to Chinese law than had ever been possessed by the gentry.” 在这句话中, A,B,C 的内容均有提及,所以答案为 D 40.答案

解 析 :最 后 一 段 提 到 “ the official depended on the active cooperation of the local gentry class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activities, in direct defiance of gentry sentime nt, ran the risk of alienating this class and destroying future effectiveness., 该句话表达了官方对 当地人的依赖, 和官方要是不顾当地人民的情绪, 实行传道活动, 就会有疏远当地人和破坏 传道的效果的危害。 所以依据此意我们可知官方关注当地人民的感觉, 同时官方有义务去弄 清楚人们是否可以容忍传道活动的进行,所以 BC 的内容均符合,故答案为 D 。

Passage three 41.答案 B

解 析 :根 据 第 一 段 “ the nature of an environment (polar, desert, jungle) engenders the development of technologi es appropriate to that environment to enable man to adapt successfully to it.环境可以引发适合 环境的科技发展,以此可以让人类成功的适应环境”可知 B 表达的正是此意。 42.答案 D 解 析 :根 据 第 一 段 最 后 一 句

“ in the case of the gradual change from wood-based to coal-based technology in England that b egan in Elizabeth times and stretched until the end of the eighteenth century.从伊丽莎白时期到 十八世纪末,基于木材的科技逐渐向基于煤炭的科技转变, ” ,可知十八世纪的煤炭很丰富, 才 能 进 行 基 于 煤 炭 的 科 技 。 43.答 案 A 解 析 :根 据 第 二 段 的 “ In general, in the last fifteen years, the gradual development of broad-based environmental aw areness, the lobbying and litigious activities of environmental interest groups, and guidelines issu ed and reinforced by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in response to congressional ma ndates have markedly increased the heed paid to the environment给予环境越累越多的注意” , 可知政府、机构和企业对环境越来越重视了。所以答案为 A 。 44.答案 C 解析:根据上一问 我 们 知 道 政 府 、 机 构 和 企 业 对 环 境 越 来 越 重 视 , 和 “ have markedly increased the heed paid to the environment给予环境越来越多的注意” , 可知 heed 的意思是“注意” ,四个选项中只有 attention 表达此意。 45.答案 D

解 析 :根 据 文 章 的 中 心 句 “ The natural environment has, of course, always conditioned technology” 和后文论述的环境与 科技的关系,可知在科技发展的同时,要重视环境。所以 D 最符合本文的主题。

Part B

Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually be neficial to the individual members. Societies operate as a whole, chiefly in ways that look out for t he highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibilities within the societ y. Society is more than the government, however. It also includes the entire economic and social i nfrastructure necessary to provide people with what they need.

Ⅳ Translation

been possessed by the gentry.”在这句话中, A,B,C 的内容均有提及,所以答案为 D 40.答案 解 析 :最 后 一 段 提 到 “ the official depended on the active cooperation of the local gentry class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activities, in direct defiance of gentry sentime nt, ran the risk of alienating this class and destroying future effectiveness., 该句话表达了官方对 当地人的依赖, 和官方要是不顾当地人民的情绪, 实行传道活动, 就会有疏远当地人和破坏 传道的效果的危害。 所以依据此意我们可知官方关注当地人民的感觉, 同时官方有义务去弄 清楚人们是否可以容忍传道活动的进行,所以 BC 的内容均符合,故答案为 D 。

Passage three 41.答案 B

解 析 :根 据 第 一 段 “ the nature of an environment (polar, desert, jungle) engenders the development of technologi es appropriate to that environment to enable man to adapt successfully to it.环境可以引发适合 环境的科技发展,以此可以让人类成功的适应环境”可知 B 表达的正是此意。 42.答案 D 解 析 :根 据 第 一 段 最 后 一 句 “ in the case of the gradual change from wood-based to coal-based technology in England that b egan in Elizabeth times and stretched until the end of the eighteenth century.从伊丽莎白时期到 十八世纪末,基于木材的科技逐渐向基于煤炭的科技转变, ” ,可知十八世纪的煤炭很丰富, 才 能 进 行 基 于 煤 炭 的 科 技 。 43.答 案 A 解 析 :根 据 第 二 段 的 “ In general, in the last fifteen years, the gradual development of broad-based environmental aw areness, the lobbying and litigious activities of environmental interest groups, and guidelines issu ed and reinforced by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in response to congressional ma ndates have markedly increased the heed paid to the environment给予环境越累越多的注意” ,

可知政府、机构和企业对环境越来越重视了。所以答案为 A 。 44.答案 C 解析:根据上一问 我 们 知 道 政 府 、 机 构 和 企 业 对 环 境 越 来 越 重 视 , 和 “ have markedly increased the heed paid to the environment给予环境越来越多的注意” , 可知 heed 的意思是“注意” ,四个选项中只有 attention 表达此意。 45.答案 D

解 析 :根 据 文 章 的 中 心 句 “ The natural environment has, of course, always conditioned technology” 和后文论述的环境与 科技的关系,可知在科技发展的同时,要重视环境。所以 D 最符合本文的主题。

Part B

Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually be neficial to the individual members. Societies operate as a whole, chiefly in ways that look out for t he highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibilities within the societ y. Society is more than the government, however. It also includes the entire economic and social i nfrastructure necessary to provide people with what they need.

Ⅳ Translation

1. 英译中

水是一种有限的自然资源, 是人们生活和健康的公共基本物质。 水人权是人类尊严的生活所 必不可少的, 是实现其他所有人权的先决条件。 该委员会一直面临着发展中国家以及发达国 家对水权力的普遍反对。超过十亿人缺乏基本的水供给,而数十亿人没有适当的卫生设施, 而这是水污染和水有关的疾病的主要原因。 持续的污染、 损耗和水的分配不均加剧了目前的 贫困状况。国家应该放下歧视,采取有效措施来实现水权。

2. 中译英

Peace and development are the two major themes in today's world. The maintenance of world p eace, strengthening friendship and cooperation and promoting common development are the co mmon aspiration of all peoples. At present, poverty, unemployment, refugees, crime, a populatio n explosion, environmental degradation, drug trafficking, terrorism and other issues are still sever e and affect global stability and development. Although China and western countries have differe nt national conditions, both sides have broadly consistent interests in a series of major internatio nal issues. I am delighted to see the improvement and development of the connection between c hina and west countries. The government and people of China would like to devote to the great p eace and development on the basis of mutual trust and equality and mutual benefit with all the p eople and all the governments including west countries.

Ⅴ Composition

Desire

Definition of desire is to want or to have a strong longing for something. It has many synonyms th at can express similar meaning like ache, covet, hanker, long, pant, pine, want, wish and yearn. As to its origin, the very foundation of Western religion and morality places desire at the root of hu man nature; evil and sadness flow from frustrated desire, or form the punishment for desires that transgress. And in fact no one has no desire for something, and it appears in all aspects of life. Fo r example, in the field of marketing, desire for a product is stimulated by advertising, which attem pts to give buyers a sense of lack or wanting. In store retailing, merchants attempt to increase the desire of the buyer by showcasing the product attractively, in the case of clothes or jewelry, or, fo r food stores, by offering samples. Of course, this sort of desire is quite normal. However, every co in has two sides, as is the case with desire. Besides,

men are creatures whose desires are unlimited. Unlike other animals, they are not satiated when

their biological needs are fulfilled. Therefore, how to cope with desire is becoming quite essential for us. Maybe first we ought to know what we desire for. Then we need to control the desires an

d goals that will lead to our anomie and corruption or to encourage the good desire such as the d

esire for achievement and progress. All in all, we need to learn to treat our desire so that we will not be controlled by it.


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