清华大学 2006年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案 Qualities of Top Research of Workers

It is no doubt that learning and creativity should be possessed by remarkable top research workers. However, qualities mentioned above are not sufficient to lead to great achievements, some special ones are also needed by top research workers. Of all qualities, in my opinion, cooperation, morality and responsibility are three important qualities top research workers should possess.

A top researcher is quite aware that any scientific achievement cannot be made by mere one person, therefore good cooperation ad mutual trust occupy a critical position for scientific achievements. So a respectable top researcher should be on good terms with other researchers. Morality is anther excellent quality to research workers should possess. A true top researcher loves his country and the people more than his personal interests, which can impel him to contribute scientific production to human being selflessly. The most important is that a true top researcher won’t utilize the technology to engage in evil matters, such as nuclear weapons. The third eminent quality is responsibility. A top researcher is seriously responsible to his scientific business. He is rather clear o the importance of a decision made by him.

In a word, as a top research worker, it is necessary for him to know how to cooperate with others firstly. Besides, he knows he shoulders the glorious duties to make the people live in more happier life, so morality is something he can not forget. At last, the sense f responsibility makes him conduct his experiments prudently. With these qualities, he is really a top research worker.

清华大学 2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案 My Aim for Doctoral Study

Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize the importance of doctoral degree. As for me, since I acquired my master’s degree, I have been working for a large-sized state-owned enterprise. During that period, I have been doing well. But as time passed by, my knowledge and skills are increasingly becoming inadequate for the development in my domain. In order to better my performance in the domain I am exploring, I choose to pursue my doctoral degree.

If I gain the enrollment luckily, I would try my best to make full use of those precious resources. Apart from accomplishing the assignments, I would seek for any chance to promote my capacity. Besides, the experts’ invaluable experiences and profound knowledge could enlarge my horizon and sparkle my inspiration. Aided with my efforts, I have confidence to achieve my goal as a qualified doctoral researcher and my later job would be done better.

A Chinese saying I remember forever is that one is never too old to learn.

清华大学 2004年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案 Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work When it comes to the event which is the most memorable in my life, I can’t help recall ing a course named aspects of translation. I had this course in the second semester when I was a senior undergraduate student.

The experience was engraved into my memory. For me, it completely altered my former way of looking at and studying translation. It was the first time that I studied translation from the perspective of linguistics. During the period of studying translation,

I have attended the course of Introduction to Linguistics, which

acted as a critical part. My idea about translation was as simple as most of people’s before taking that course. Previously, I never associated translation with linguistics and only regarded translation as the mechanic practice of turning texts written in one language into those in another. No doubt, as he link between the two disciplines, it was authentically worthy of studying and the course prove to be very brain-consuming. After acquiring the essence of this project, however, my field of vision expanded and many unexpected scenes appeared in front of me.

From the experience I learn that later in my life I should always trey to connect what I have learned in different courses with different aspects of life, make the utmost of my knowledge to perfect the world.

清华大学 2003年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案 Effect of China’ Entry into WTO on Ph. D Program in China It is no doubt that positive and negative effects on various fields will be more and more notable after China joining WTO. One of these fields that would soon feel the influence following China’s long-dreamed entering of WTO i s China’s higher education. The reason is that with the deepening of globalization, higher education as a special type of service surely would more and more be considered terms of international trade.

In my opinion, the influence on Ph. D program in China will be as follows:

The positive effects can be discussed in three aspects. The first one is when something new is brought into our programs, it will make our programs closer to the frontiers in various research projects. Second, Chinese universities and research institutions providing Ph. D programs can learn a lot from their counterparts, which will be beneficial to Ph. D candidates because they will be easily exposed to what is happening in foreign countries. Third, if

Chinese Ph. D program providers can take a student-centered approach, China’s own Ph. D program would be as competitive as their rivals in the face of severe competition from abroad.

Besides the positive effects, there is also one negative effect that is worthy to pay attention to. ―B rain-drain‖ will appear if some foreign programs enter China powerfully. The living and working conditions offered by foreign universities and research institutions are so attractive that the flow of talents will increase dramatically. Altogether, I’m convinced that China’s entry into WTO will be helpful to Ph. D education.

北京大学 2006年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案 Celebrities could take part in National politics Recently, an article entitled ―We Should No Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Poli tics‖ in a newspaper cause arguments. Some people hold the idea that celebrities are unwilling or unqualified to represent the people in the People’s Congress or the People’s Political Consultative Conference, and they should not be forced to do so. But other people don’t stand by this point of view. As for me, I support the celebrities’ entering the political field.

In the first place, the policy in China determines celebrities’ entering the political field is eligible. Namely, people who are

eminent in their profession and make great contribution to the development of the country have opportunity to become people’s representatives. The contribution coming from celebrities who are outstanding in their own career is well-known. Secondly, some people may consider the stateliness of politics will be spoiled if celebrities enter the political field. Their reason is that there is a strong impression in people’s mind left by celebrities as actors or artists. As a matter of fact, various roles played successfully by them are only fictive characters in the movies or TV programs, which just proves that their adaptability is so strong that they will soon adapt themselves to the new career. The third concern is that celebrities lack of political knowledge and sense. But I think it is only a problem that can be solved easily. As long as they study and take part in politics, as their artistic career, they will also acquire new accomplishment.

On all accounts, it is eligible and beneficial for celebrities to participate in national politics.

北京大学 2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案 Is English language teaching overemphasized in Chinese education? After joining WTO, international communication and cooperation are becoming increasingly close. It is obvious to all that China has made great achievements in almost every aspect. However, one issue

appeared in many fields, especially in foreign trades, that is language obstacle. At the very beginning, it is language barriers that block the development of foreign trades and even sometimes cause great losses. Therefore, there are more and more schools that attach importance to education of foreign languages, especially in English teaching.

We must admit a face that there is a large population in China and people’s education degree is various. The number of people who can understand or speak English is quite small. It is no doubt that English language teaching is far from enough and we should pay much attention to it. Here is an example. For most of college students who are not majored in English, until their graduation from college, it is tough to make a very simple sentence, let alone speaking fluent English. When they come across a foreigner, they can only say ―hello‖. One main reason that led to this result is the problem of our educational system. When teachers give an English class, they’re accustomed to apply more Chinese rather than English. As for students, they seldom have English environment to practice it and the chances of speaking English is too rare. So it is still a long way to polish up this situation that cause the English level of students is very low. Along with many graduates who studied abroad now returned to became college English teachers, such situation is

gradually improving. Under their efforts, great progresses can be seen in English language teaching. Yet if we’d like to cultivate sufficient students who ca utilize English fluently, there are still many difficulties needing us to overcome.

From statements above, we can draw a conclusion that English language teaching in Chinese education is not overemphasized. Contrary to that, we should strengthen it more than ever. 北京大学 2004年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案 Epidemic Diseases and Public Health Crises

After SARS epidemic that influenced the entire globe was controlled in China, there are many important questions unanswered despite of the fact that our society has fortunately survived these shocks. From this event, people are coming to realize the concept of public health crises, which in reality have already affected our life in various ways. People are familiar with health itself, but the term ―public health crises‖ has been strange for most people in China. It includes not only outbreaks of diseases, but also water erosion, deforestation, desertification and many other problems.

There are lots of irresponsible behaviors of mankind existing in our daily life. Ever since the industrial revolution and great economic expansion, people’s life has been challenged in one way or another. Besides, had there been effective health care laws specially

aimed at epidemic disease as violent as SARS or a similar nature, the public health crises would never have happened. Above all, when SARS began to attack Guangdong province, if the local governmental officials had had some specific and unmistakable legal procedures to follow, they would have saved a lot of valuable time for the early detergence of the horrible disease through various measures. On the other hand, before epidemic diseases break out, there is a very severe outlook and thus common people are posed direct dangers. They affect people’s daily activities and even their lives, and that is why they can su ccessfully amuse people’s daily activities and even their lives, and that is why they can successfully amuse people’s concerns about their own health. The outbreak of some epidemics, like SARS and bird flu, to some extent, was due to our dining habits and carelessness in protecting the environment. Altogether, in order to prevent a public health crises in the face of epidemic disease, governments and people should equip ourselves first with the weapon of law. It is necessary for all of us to take actions to fend off any potential danger to public health.

北京大学 2003年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案 The Development of the Internet

With its rapid development, the Internet has widely entered our life. It now becomes a powerful tool for people and has already created a

lot of miracles and brought us much convenience. However, just like a double-edged sword, the Internet would bring both advantages and disadvantages.

As an International Database of information, the Internet can offer you whatever is possible to be imagined. Besides, a great deal of helpful information can be downloaded by private individual, including many programs, games and so on. A huge success of the Internet is shopping online that is considered a great advantage of the Internet. It is possible for us to pay whatever we have to pay online with E-cash sometime in the future with further development of the Internet; there will be a time when all information given on the Net is what we want, useful and fine. Most importantly, there may be a time when surfing on the Net, we needn’t worry about privacy being disturbed or worry about our children being poisoned. The Internet will be kinder, gentler, safer and more reliable along with more and more cyber law becoming effective.

However, we can say that although the Internet brings us more conveniences, it is unwise to let it control our life. Conversely, it should be controlled by us. As long as we know how to utilize it correctly and how to schedule our time on the Internet, the Internet will become really meaningful to our life.

中国人民大学 2004年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案

My Understanding of Globalization

In recent years there is widespread awareness of the hot term ―globalization‖. Different people hold different opinions on it. Some believe that it makes inequality increase within and between nations, influences employment and living standards and baffles social progress. Others view it as a process that is beneficial and also inescapable and irreversible.

As far as I am concerned, globalization is much like fire. It is improper to say that fire is completely good or bad. If we use it properly, it can help us cook food, disinfect equipment, form iron, and warm our homes. If not, fire can ruin lives, towns and forests in an instant. People welcoming globalization think that it will bring them great profits. They claim that trade obstacles will be broken with the globalization, which will fetch them more benefits and conveniences, such as buying foreign products with less money , traveling all over the world more freely than ever. People who object it think that the disappearance of national borders and the establishment of a world interconnected by markets will deal a death blow to regional and national cultures. National identity or soul will lose for the invasion of cultural products from North America is so powerful that most of countries are incapable of resisting.

After the advantages and disadvantages of globalization were

carefully compared, the conclusion was obvious. Neither cheerleaders who are blind to the destruction globalization can cause nor shrill opponents who are blind to the way globalization gives some people their first opportunity to fulfill basic aspirations are good. We should see globalization as something to construct, shape and manage for the betterment of everyone.

中国人民大学 2003年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案 Social Sciences and the Humanities

Should Play a More Important Role in the 21st Century Nowadays, there are many people who believe that it is a tendency that the studies of natural disciplines weigh more than social and humanities disciplines. As far as they are concerned, social sciences and humanities are so out-of-date that they should be thrown away like waste. However, I hold that we should pay more attention to social sciences and the humanities that shoulder important roles I the 21st century. Instead of being weakened, they should be strengthened.

Taking the field of economics as an example. If we imagine that economy is the legs of our society, without which the society will not advance; then social science can be imagined the eyes, without which we will be lost and step on a wrong way. There is no conflict but harmony between them. Economics was founded in the 18th

century. In the early years, modern economics did its best to focus on those objective areas of human life in an effort to make economics a discipline with a status similar to that of natural science. In spite of how well it did, the contemporary economics has concentrated more on the social — the human side of the discipline. This undoubtedly indicated that ―the man‖ is more important tha n ―the thing‖ as we to deeper into science. No matter how important or intriguing, the thing that is studied will eventually lose its force and impetus in the process of scientific research without its relevance to man.

To sum up, it is no doubt that we must pay enough emphasis on the development of social sciences and the humanities, because we shoulder the duties of developing our society. Anyone who believes that social sciences and humanities will phase out comparing with natural sciences is simply too shortsighted.

中国人民大学 2002年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案 Opportunities and Challenges with the Coming of Globalization Nowadays, a hot term ―globalization‖ often appears in people’s talk. Like everything having opposite two sides, we will have great opportunities and challenges with the coming of globalization. In the first place, in modern society, only those who grasp science and technology will become the master of the world. After

globalization, we will have more access to the advanced science and technology which makes us to get informed with the latest development in every field concerning the growing of the power of a country.

Secondly, going with Chinese reform and opening up, we would have more opportunities to get contacted with different culture and civilizat ions, which would to some extent enhance our country’s soft power. Except for hard power which includes the economic, scientific and military power, we also need soft power to influence or change others ideas without coercing them but made them accept us willingly. Mutual understanding is very important because it will increase soft power.

When globalization brings us opportunities, more challenges are also along with it. We have to admit that China is still a developing country, to be situated in the same arena with some superior players will give us much pressure. In spite of fierce competition, we may be influenced by other culture in a negative way. While enjoying the richness of other civilizations, it is quite possible that we neglect or even lose some of quintessence of our own culture.

From what has been stated above, we may draw the conclusion that globalization is like a double-edged sword. No matter what kind of opportunities or challenges it presents us, we should have a right

attitude and stand to meet it. As long as we prepare enough, all difficulties can be resolved in the end.

电子科技大学 2005年春季博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案 ONE MAJOR PROBLEM IN THE PROCESS OF URBANIZATION Nowadays people in significant numbers are getting to be aware of a popular word ―urbanization‖. Along with the development of economy, existing cities growing bigger and bigger and new cities are appearing. Confronting this trend, some people believe that it is beneficial for Chinese economic development, while others are afraid that some problems will occur going with urbanization. As far as I am concerned, water is a major problem in the process of urbanization.

We have to acknowledge that there is a large population in China and the lack of water source has been a serious problem that disturbs us. Especially in urban area, the phenomenon of water scarcity is more severe. After urbanization, there are more and more p0eople flocking into city to earn their living so that water distributing to individuals are fewer and fewer. Besides, industrialization is another phenomenon of urbanization. Most of water is consumed by industries that drain a lot of dirty water into rivers at the same time. Pollution of water makes the lack of water more grievous.

So the major problem of urbanization that needs to be solved is