动词"be"的语法作用
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动词"be"的语法作用
英语的“be”是个特别动词;有些语言,如中文和马来文,并没有“be”这样的动词。
“Be”除了原形的“be”之外,还有另外七种形式:am, is,
are, been, being, was, were.
在句子中,“be”可以是主动词(The Principal Verb)或助动词(The Auxiliary Verb).
当主动词时,“be”在性质上属于接系动词(The Linking
Verb), 后面要有名词、形容词、地方副词或短语作补足语(The
Complement)。例如:
1. The man is a science teacher.
2. Marys new dresses are colourful.
3. I have been there before.
4. Mother is in the kitchen now.
这四个都是陈述句,可以变成疑问句,方法简单,把主语和
“be”或助动词对换位置即可:
5. Is the man a science teacher?
6. Are Marys new dresses colourful?
7. Have I been there before?
8. Is mother in the kitchen now?
当“be”要在祈使句中出现时,它必须借重助动词“do”或
“dont”之助,如:
9. Dont be silly!
10. Do be obedient!
11. Dont be a fool!
“Be”有两种缩写法,如下:
12. Hes not...../He isnt....
13. Youre not...../You arent...
但“am + not”的缩写法只有一个:
14. Im not.
有人用“aint”, 但这并不是标准英语。
谈过了“be”作主动词的功能,现在看看“be”作助动词时,
有些什么用法:
1.“Be + 现在分词”以组成进行式时态(Continuous Tenses),
如:
15. Tonys maid is washing his new car.
16. The children are playing in the field.
17. Samuel was eating when I came in.
18. We have been living here since 1959.
2.“Be + 过去分词”以组成被动语态(The Passive Voice),
如:
19. Her money in the drawer was stolen.
20. A number of good jobs are taken up byforeigners.
21. David studied in Taiwan but has been trained as a
language lecturer in America.
22. Can all the wonderful birds be found in our Bird
Park?
23. The disobedient boy was told to stand out- side the
classroom.
24. Steps are being taken to reduce traffic con-
gestion during peak hours.
25. Dishonest students will be immediately dealt with.
从上面例子看,“be”这动词外貌平凡,但内涵丰厚。如果没有
“be”,补足语的桥梁断了。如果没有“be”,何来进行式时态和被
动语态?缺了这几样重要的句式,英语还像英语吗.