| M Macroeconomics 宏观经济学 The study of economy-wide phenomena, including inflation, unemployment, and economic growth Marginal changes 边际变动 Small incremental adjustments to a plan of action Marginal cost 边际成本 The increase in total cost that arises from an extra unit of production Marginal product 边际产量 The increase in output that arises from an additional unit of input Marginal product of labor 劳动的边际产量 The increase in the amount of output from an additional unit of labor Marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率 The rate at which a consumer is willing to trade one good for another Marginal revenue 边际收益 The change in total revenue from an additional unit sold Marginal tax rate 边际税率 The extra taxes paid on an additional dollar of income Market 市场 A group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service Market economy 市场经济 An economy that allocates resources through the decentralized decisions of many firms and households as they interact in markets for goods and services Market failure 市场失灵 A situation in which a market left on its own fails to allocate resources efficiently Market for loanable funds 可贷资金市场 The market in which those who want to save supply funds and those who want to borrow to invest demand funds Market power 市场力量 The ability of a single economic factor (or small group of factors) to have a substantial influence on market prices Medium of exchange 交换媒介 An item that buyers give to sellers when they want to purchase goods and services Menu costs 菜单成本 The costs of changing prices Microeconomics 微观经济学 The study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in markets Model of aggregate supply and aggregate demand 总需求与总供给模型 The model that most economists use to explain short-run fluctuations in economic activity around its long-run trend Monetary neutrality 货币中性 The proposition that changes in the money supply do not affect real variables Monetary policy 货币政策 The setting of the money supply by policymakers in the central bank Money 货币 The set of assets in the economy that people regularly use to buy goods and services from other people Money multiplier 货币乘数 The amount of money the banking system generates with each dollar of reserves Money supply 货币供给 The quantity of money available in the economy Monopolistic competition 垄断竞争 A market structure in which many firms sell products that are similar but not identical Monopoly 垄断 A firm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes Multiplier effect 乘数效应 The additional shifts in aggregate demand that result when expansionary fiscal policy increases income and thereby increases consumer spending Mutual fund 共同基金 An institution that sells shares to the public and uses the proceeds to buy a portfolio of stocks and bonds M1, M2, M3 货币供给量的度量 measures of the money supply: M1 includes currency and checking accounts; M2 includes M1 plus savings deposits, CDs, and money market funds; M3 includes M2 plus large-denomination savings deposits and institutional money market mutual funds managerial slack 管理松懈 the lack of managerial efficiency (for instance, in cutting costs) that occurs when firms are insulated from competition marginal costs and benefits 边际成本和边际收益 costs and benefits that result from choosing a little bit more of one thing and a little bit less of another marginal propensity to consume 边际消费倾向 the amount by which consumption increases when disposable income increases by a dollar marginal propensity to import 边际进口倾向 the amount by which imports increase when disposable income increases by a dollar marginal propensity to save 边际储蓄倾向 the amount by which savings increase when disposable income increases by a dollar marginal utility 边际效用 the extra utility, or enjoyment, a person receives from the consumption of one additional unit of a goo market clearing 市场出清 situation that exists when there is neither excess supply nor excess demand market failures approach 市场失灵论 the argument that government may have an economic role to play when markets fail to produce efficient outcomes market labor supply curve 劳动的市场供给曲线 the relationship between the wage paid and the amount of labor willingly supplied, found by adding up the labor supply curves of all individuals in the economy median voter 中间投票人 the voter such that half the population have preferences on one side of this voter (for instance, they want higher government expenditures and taxes),while the other half of the population have preferences on the other side of this voter (they want lower taxes and expenditures) merit goods and bads 公益品和公害品 goods that are determined by the government to be good or bad for people, regardless for whether people desire them for themselves or not mixed economy 混合经济 an economy that allocates resources through a mixture of public (governmental)and private decision making model 模型 a set of assumptions and data used by economists to study an aspect of the economy and make predictions about the future or about the consequences of various policy changes Modigliani-Miller theorem 莫迪利安尼—米勒定理 the theorem that says that under a simplified set of conditions, the manner in which a firm finances itself does not matter monetarists 货币主义者 economists who emphasize the importance of money in the economy; they tend to believe that an appropriate monetary policy is all the economy needs from the government, and market forces will otherwise solve any macroeconomic problems moral hazard 败德；道德陷阱 principle that says that those who purchase insurance have a reduced incentive to avoid what they are insured against multiplier-accelerator model 乘数—加速数模型 a model that relates business cycles to the internal workings of the economy, showing how changes in investment and output reinforce each other; the central ingredients of the model are the multiplier and the accelerator multilateral trade 多边贸易 trade between more than two parties |
MBA专业术语汇总（Ｍ）
网络资源 免费考研网/2009-01-16
相关话题/
领限时大额优惠券,享本站正版考研考试资料!
优惠券领取后72小时内有效，10万种最新考研考试考证类电子打印资料任你选。涵盖全国500余所院校考研专业课、200多种职业资格考试、1100多种经典教材，产品类型包含电子书、题库、全套资料以及视频，无论您是考研复习、考证刷题，还是考前冲刺等，不同类型的产品可满足您学习上的不同需求。 ...考试优惠券 本站小编 Free壹佰分学习网 2022-09-19
