MBA备考商务英语泛读文选全集(22)
网络资源 免费考研网/2009-01-16
Driving force: Henry Ford (1780 words)
The same year, Henry Ford shocked the world with what
probably stands as his greatest contribution ever: the $5-a-
day minimum-wage scheme. The average wage in the auto
industry then was $2.34 for a 9-hr. shift. Ford not only
doubled that, he also shaved an hour off the workday. In
those years it was unthinkable that a guy could be paid
that much for doing something that didnt involve an awful
lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal
called the plan "an economic crime," and critics everywhere
heaped "Fordism" with equal scorn.
But as the wage increased later to a daily $10, it proved a
critical component of Fords quest to make the automobile
accessible to all. The critics were too stupid to
comprehend that because Ford had lowered his costs per car,
the higher wages didnt matter except for making it
feasible for more people to buy cars.
When Ford stumbled, it was because he wanted to do
everything his way. By the late 1920s the company had
become so vertically integrated that it was completely self-
sufficient. Ford controlled rubber plantations in Brazil, a
fleet of ships, a railroad, 16 coalmines, and thousands of
acres of timberland and ironore mines in Michigan and
Minnesota. All this was combined at the gigantic River
Rouge plant, a sprawling city of a place where more than
100,000 men worked.
The problem was that for too long they worked on only one
model. Although people told him to diversify, Henry Ford
had developed tunnel vision. He basically started
saying "to hell with the customer," who can have any color
as long as its black. He didnt bring out a new design
until the Model A in 27, and by then GM was gaining.
In a sense Henry Ford became a prisoner of his own success.
He turned on some of his best and brightest when they
launched design changes or plans he had not approved. On
one level you have to admire his paternalism. He was so
worried that his workers would go crazy with their five
bucks a day that he set up a "Sociological Department" to
make sure that they didnt blow the money on booze and
vice. He banned smoking because he thought, correctly as it
turned out, that tobacco was unhealthy. "I want the whole
organization dominated by a just, generous and humane
policy," he said.
(未完待续)