MBA备考商务英语泛读文选全集(13)
网络资源 免费考研网/2009-01-16
Allocation
Resource allocation All countries face the age-old economic
problem of limited resources and unlimited wants. We all
know, for example, that the supply of oil and natural gas
in the United States is a limited natural resource. Even
the amount of capital resources, such as corporate stocks
and bonds that can be raised during a specific period, is
limited,
Because we live in a world in which the quantity of all
resources is limited, we must make choices about how these
scarce resources are to be used. To make these choices, we
have to answer three fundamental economic questions:
What goods and services will be produced, and in what
quantities? What industrial goods and what consumer goods
will be produced? Apartments or new houses? Railroad cars
or large trucks?
How will goods and services be produced, and by whom? For
instance, will energy be produced from coal, natural gas,
or nuclear power?
Who will use the goods and services? When the goods and
services are divided, who is to benefit from their use?
Rich or poor? Families or single people? Old or young?
Once these questions are answered, we have a basis for
choosing how our resources will be used, how they will be
allocated to best satisfy consumers wants and needs. In a
free enterprise economy, allocation of resources also
involves other issues. Should the need for business
prosperity and success be a consideration? What priority
should be given to governments need for resources? In our
economy, allocating resources-especially scarce resources-
involves all these questions. Allocation can be very
complicated, indeed.
In the United States, answers to these questions differ
from answers in Cuba, the Soviet Union, or Sweden. The
different answers are the result of the economic systems
used in various countries.
Product distribution The issue of allocation is not limited
to scarce resources. It also involves the distribution of
goods and services to the consumer. In this context,
allocation involves an exchange (e.g., money, goods, time,
service) between a business and a consumer (e.g., client,
customer, patron). In an ideal pattern of distribution in a
free economy, the business earns a profit and the customer
is satisfied with the good or service: the exchange
provides mutual benefit. That is important in a free
economy. A tailor able to earn a profit is likely to
continue to work hard at the job. Likewise, a customer who
likes the price and quality of the tailors services will
continue to use that tailor. When goods and services get to
the customers who want or need them and mutual satisfaction
occurs, both resources and products have been well
allocated.
(待续)