MBA备考商务英语泛读文选全集(14)
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Mixed Economy
Most modem industrialized nations have mixed economies. In
a mixed economy, both the government and private business
enterprises produce and distribute goods and services. The
government usually plays a role in supplying defense,
roads, education, pensions, and some medical care. In the
mixed economy, markets are generally free and competitive.
Capitalism and the mixed economy The American brand of
economic system, called capitalism, has created a mixed
economy. Capitalism is characterized by private ownership
of capital and by competition among businesses seeking a
profit. Consumers play much more of a role under capitalism
than they do in a planned economy. They have freedom of
choice in purchasing goods and services, in selecting an
occupation or a school, and in deciding how to use -money
that is earned. They are free to consume what they want and
need. Their choices greatly influence decisions about
production and use of resources.
Mixed Economy
A mixed capitalist economy also allows the freedom to start
a business.10 Freedom of enterprise means that businesses
and individuals with the capital may enter essentially any
legal business venture they wish. This important feature of
capitalism permits individuals to seek out profit-making
business opportunities. Under capitalism, any business or
individual can earn a profit by producing a useful good or
service. However, businesses and individuals do not have an
automatic right to profit. Profit is a reward to a business
for using scarce economic resources efficiently. Consumers
must consider a good or service reasonable in price,
quality, and value before a profit can be made.
Competition is yet another important part of capitalism. In
general, competition refers to the rivalry among businesses
for consumer dollars. Because of competition for consumer
dollars, businesses have to be aware of what consumers want
to buy. If they ignore consumer wishes, they are likely to
lose sales, which directly affect the level of profit. A
business that consistently loses money and makes no profit
will fail. Consequently competition among businesses
generally provides consumers with lower prices, more
services, and improved products. The 1980s fare wars in the
airline industry illustrate how fierce competition among
businesses can grow,The American economic system is "mixed
capitalism." It became mixed , when government established
operating guidelines and laws for businesses to follow. For
example, one important federal law requires a variety of
safety rules to be followed on construction jobs. An
economic system also becomes mixed when government competes
directly with business. This often happens in such areas as
medical research, electric power generation, and
communication. The U.S. Postal Service is an example of a
government business that competes with private businesses
such as Federal Express and United Parcel Service.
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