MBA备考商务英语泛读文选全集(15)
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Mixed Economy
The U.S. economic system The United States has developed
the worlds largest economic system." The basic parts of
the American economy are illustrated in Figure 1.3. This
model, a simplification of our mixed economic system,
includes only the broadest parts of the economy; it does
not include the government.
Note the differences between resource markets and product
markets in the figure. Resource markets are places where
economic resources-natural, labor, technological, and
capital-are bought and sold. The New York Stock Exchange,
where money is invested in companies, is a capital resource
market. The employment ad in local newspapers is a resource
market where labor is bought and sold. Product markets are
the thousands of markets in America where business outputs-
goods and services-are sold to consumers. Consumers pay for
goods and services with money. This type of consumer
expenditure is called retail sales. The money businesses
receive from retail sales is business revenue.
Where do consumers get money to spend for goods and
services? Figure 1.3 shows that consumer households supply
economic resources to the resource markets. In return for
money, people provide labor through work, invest in
businesses (capital), and sell natural resources to
businesses. The money received in payment for these
economic resources is then used to purchase goods and
services. Of course, businesses view money paid to
suppliers of goods and services as an expense.
Two distinct types of economic resource flows are
illustrated in Figure 1.3. The flow of economic resources
and products is shown by the inner loop. It flows
counterclockwise, showing that economic resources move from
consumers to businesses and then return to consumers as
finished goods and services. Money flow, on the other hand,
is shown by the outer circle. This clockwise flow of money
begins when firms pay consumers for the economic resource
they purchase. Consumers use their money to purchase the
goods and services produced by businesses. These two
economic flows take place continuously and at the same
time. As long as consumers spend all their money, the flow
of money into and out of consumer households is equal.
However, some money is diverted into savings, and the
government needs to intervene to bring about a balance in
the flows。
What economic system is best? The most appropriate form of
economic system for a nation depends on several things,
including cultural factors and the availability of economic
resources- For example, capitalism is unlikely to be
appropriate for a nation that creates hurdles for
individuals who want to organize their own businesses. The
right of business owners to use economic resources for
whatever purpose they want is the backbone of capitalism.
Capitalism normally works best with people who are willing
and able to make their own economic decisions. In fact,
capitalism encourages people to take the initiative to
become better educated and to make their own decisions.
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