MBA备考商务英语泛读文选全集(16)
网络资源 免费考研网/2009-01-16
PEOPLE FORM THE CORE OF BUSINESS
The human element is the core of business. Business needs
people as owners, managers, employees, and consumers.
People need business for the production of goods and
services and the creation of jobs. Whether business is
transacted in Mexico, Canada, or Nigeria does not matter.
Businesses may be operated differently and the objectives
of businesses may differ, but the universal element in all
business activities is people.5
Owners
People who own a business, as well as those who invest
money in one, do so because they expect to earn a profit.
Most of the giant corporations, such as General Motors,
Eastman Kodak, Dow Chemical, Du Pont. and Exxon, are owned
by large numbers of people. General Motors has over 1.2
million shareholders (owners) and 820,000 employees. When
making decisions, the professional managers in business
organizations need to consider the owners and what they
expect from the business.
Managers
The person responsible for operating the business may be
the owner (an owner-manager, also called an entrepreneur)
or a professional manager employed by the owner. Both types
of managers seek to achieve profit, growth, survival, and
social responsibility.
The owner-manager sets his or her own objectives, whereas a
professional manager attempts to achieve objectives set by
others. The professional manager is accountable to the
owners of the business, who judge the managers performance
by how well their objectives have been accomplished over a
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Many.of these. business owners ace entrepreneurs^, people-
who take- the- risks_ -necessary to organize and manage a
business and receive the financial profits and nonmonetary
rewards. In Chapter 3, a more thorough discussion of
entrepreneurs will be presented. The entrepreneur of the
1990s is expected to be innovative, practical, and strong
willed. This view was actually established years ago by
noted Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter. He stated:
The function of entrepreneurs is to reform or revolutionize
the pattern of production by exploiting an invention or,
more generally, an untried technological possibility for
producing a new commodity or producing an old one in a new
way, opening a new source of supply of materials or a new
outlet for products, by reorganizing a new industry.6
The owner-managers who fit Schumpeters description are too
numerous to list. The list would include names like Ted
Turner (CNN), Ken Olsen (Digital Equipment Corporation),
Fred Smith (Federal Express), Bob Reis (Final Technology,
Inc.), Frank Perdue (Perdue Chickens), John McCormack
(Visible Changes), Bill McGovem (MCI Communications), Liz
Claiborne (Liz Clai-borne), Barbara LaMont (WCCL-TV), and
Akoito Morita (Sony). Each of these entrepreneurs practices
what Schumpeter described. They personify the term
entrepreneur.
(未完待续)