MBA入学英语阅读100篇精粹-参考译文及答案与详解(2-1)
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Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined. C.R. Darnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. Certainly it is all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in wa-ter. The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root. They are carried to all parts of the growing plant and are built into essential plant materials while on a dissolved state. The carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form sim-
ple sugars the base material from which the plant body is mainly built. Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 percent water. Structural parts of plants, such as woody stems no longer actively growing, may have much less water than growing tissues.
The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, is only a very small part of what passes through it during its development. The processes of photosynthesis, by which carbon dioxide and water are combined in the presence of chlorophyll( 叶绿素 )and with energy derived from light to form sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas--water vapor to be lost from it. Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities (3 to 4 parts in 10000 parts of air) and water vapor is near saturation in the air spaces within the leaf( at 80~F,saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10,000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake. Actually, because of wind and other factors,
the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentra- tions of the two gases. Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohy-drates (炭水化合物 ).
1. The essential function of photosynthesis in terms of plant needs is
[A] to form sugars [ B ] to derive energy from light
IC] to preserve water [ D] to combine carbon dioxide with water
2. The second paragraph uses facts to develop the essential idea that
[ A ] a plant efficiently utilizes most of the water it absorbs
[ B ] carbon dioxide is the essential substance needed for plant development
[ C ] a plant needs more water than is found in its composition
[ D] the stronger the wind, the more the water vapor loss
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
[ A] The mineral elements will not be absorbed by the plant unless they are dissolved in its root.
[ B ] The woody stems contain more water than the leaves.
[ C ] Air existing around the leaf is found to be saturated.
[ D ] Only part of the carbon dioxide in the plants is synthesized.
4. This passage is mainly about
[ A ] the functions of carbon dioxide and water
[ B ] the role of water in a growing plant
[ C ] the process of simple sugar formation
[ D ] the synthesis of water with carbon dioxide
[参考译文及重点词汇再现]
大多数生长中的植物(growing plant)所含的水比其他所有物质的总和(。combine)还要多。C.R,达尼斯认为,把植物称为水组织(water structure)是恰当的,正如把主要由砖建成的房子称为砖建筑一样。的确,植物生长和发育(growth and development)的所有基本过程(essential processe)都是在水中进行(occur)的。在被输送到植物根部之前,土壤中植物可以利用的矿物质(mineralele—ment)必须在土壤溶液(soilsolution)中被溶解(dissolve)。这些矿物质以溶解状态(state)被输送到生长中的植物的各个部分,并转化成植物的基本物质(essentialmaterial)。空气中的二氧化碳(car—bondioxide)作为气体(gas)可以进入叶片(1eaf),但在被叶片中所含的水溶解后,才与其中的一部分水结合,制造出纯糖(simple sugar)——这是构成植物主干的基础物质。一般情况下,迅速生长中的植物百分之七十五到百分之九十都是水。植物的组织部分,比如不再生长的木质茎(woody stem),其含水量可能比生长中的组织(tissue)要少得多。
任何时期,植物的实际含水量都只是其生长过程中总含水量的很小部分。在有叶绿素(chloro—phyll)以及吸收光能的情况下,二氧化碳与水混和,通过光合作用(photosynthesis),制造出纯糖,而这要求空气中的二氧化碳进入植物。该过程主要发生在植物叶片里。叶片表面不是实心(solid)的,但是有许多微小孔(opening),二氧化碳通过这些小孔进入植物。然而,允许一种气体进入叶片的构造同样会允许另一种气体——水蒸汽(watervapor)——从叶片流失。由于空气中二氧化碳的含量很低(占空气的百分之零点零三到百分之零点零四),水蒸汽在叶片内的空气中接近饱和状态(saturation)(温度在华氏八十度时,饱和空气可含百分之一点八六的水蒸汽),所以,流失的水蒸汽总量是吸收(intake)的二氧化碳总量的许多倍。实际上,由于风和其他因素,流失的水同吸收的二氧化碳的比例甚至要大于两种气体的相对浓度比例(concentration)。另外,并不是所有进入叶片的二氧化碳都被合成(synthesize)为碳水化合物(carbohydrate)。
(以上由曹其军老师供稿)
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