考研英语(真题)阅读理解专题系列之二
网络资源 免费考研网/2009-01-16
Passage 2
Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105
males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to
near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds
there are twice as many women as men. But the great
universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, by
babies survive almost as well as girls do.
This means that, for the first time, there will be an
excess of boys in those crucial years when the are
searching for a mate. More important, another chance for
natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the
chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended
on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant
almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference.
Since much of the variation is due to genes one more agent
of evolution has gone.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:
stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as
fertile as in the past. Except in some religious
communities, very few women has 15 children. Nowadays the
number of births, like the age of death, has become
average. Most of us have roughly the same number of
offspring. Again, differences between people and the
opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it
have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country
offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for
the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today
everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring
means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in
upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.
For us, this means that evolution is over; the
biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved
little physical change No other species fills so many
places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years even the
pass 100year our lives have been transformed but our bodies
have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society
did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those
ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as
average looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his
comprehension." No doubt we will remember a 20th century
way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But
however amazed our descendants may be at how far from
Utopia we were, they will look just like us.
55.What used to be the danger in being a man according to
the first paragraph?
[A]A lack of mates.
[B]A fierce competition.
[C]A lower survival rate.
[D]A defective gene.
56.What does the example of India illustrate?
[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor
people.
[B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the
poor.
[C]The middle class population is 80% smaller than that
of the tribes.
[D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth
rate.
57.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving
because____ .
[A]life has been improved by technological advance
[B]the number of female babies has been declining
[C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution
[D]the difference between wealth and poverty is
disappearing
58.Which of the following would be the best title for the
passage?
[A]Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution
[B]Ways of Continuing Mans Evolution
[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature
[D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere
参考答案:
55.C 56.B 57.A 58.D
(待续)