2004年MBA考前冲刺-英语模拟试题及答案(1-4)
网络资源 免费考研网/2009-01-16
Questions 51 to 54 based on the following passage:
To talk about problem solving or decision making within a
national environment means examining many complex cultural
forces. It means trying to measure the impact of these
forces on contemporary life, and also coming to grips with
changes now taking place.
For example, the concept of professional identity differs
markedly between the U.S. and Japan. In the West, the
emphasis is on what a man or woman does for a living. In
Japan the most important thing is what organization you
work for. This becomes significant when you want to analyze
the decision-taking or decision-making process. At least it
explains the job stability in Japan, in contrast to the
great job mobility in America.
While we differ in many ways, such differences are neither
superior nor inferior to each other. A particular pattern
of management behavior develops from a complexity of unique
cultural factors——and will only work in a given culture.
A characteristic is based on “census opinion” and “
bottom-up direction”. In Japan great consideration is
given to and reliance placed on the thoughts and opinions
for everyone at all levels. To understand this, it is
important to realize that Japan is a densely populated
homogeneous country. Moreover the people are aware and are
articulate. Literacy is almost 100 percent. Problems are
shared.
This brings us the second part of this characteristic. The
term “bottom-up” refers to a style of management——
perhaps what you would call keeping your finger on the
impulse of the public. The difference is that in Japan we
record the impulse and it has real meaning. It influences
the direction finally taken at the top regarding a specific
important issue. In other words western style of decision-
making process predominantly from top management and often
does not consult the middle management or the workers.
While in Japan the direction can be formulated at the
lowest level, travel upward through an organization, and
have an impact on the final decision.
This places time as a different perspective. In Japan the
western deadline approach is secondary to a thorough job.
Thus Americans are often exasperated by seemingly endless
meetings of the Japanese.
But where the Americans are pressing for a specific
decision, the Japanese are trying to formulate a rather
broad direction.
On the other hand, an agreement is reached; it is the
Japanese who sometimes wonder at the leisurely pace of
execution of Westerners. The Japanese are eager for
execution, and westerners like to take the time for in-
depth planning.
51. When comparing difference between concepts. We should
take into account all the following EXCEPT_______
A. Cultural force
B. Cultural force on contemporary life.
C. Changes taking place in life.
D. Preference for harmony or confrontation.
52. According to the author, that ordinary employees have
impact on decision-making has to do with_____
A. Japanese dense population and excellent education.
B. Its tradition of avoiding professional identity.
C. Its emphasis on the organization one works for
D. Its avoidance of confrontations whenever possible.
53. The phrase “ to keep your fingers on the impulse of
the public” means______
A. To understand and take appropriate actions.
B. To find what is wrong with the public.
C. To know the feeling of a group of people.
D. To find out if the public approve of a decision.
54. From the passage we can infer that_____
A. Japanese employees stay at work until the
decision has been made.
B. In America, one’s position in a company defines
his professional identity.
C. Japanese pattern of management can also works in
an American company.
D. The Americans seem to lack concern for the
deadline.
参考答案:
51.D 52. A 53. D 54. B
摘自《英语--临考点拨与模拟考场》
策划:太奇MBA培训中心
主编:周建武
出版社:中国经济出版社
(待续)